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Shloka 48

Prāyaścitta for Mahāpātakas: Liquor, Theft, Sexual Transgression, Contact with the Fallen, and Homicide

निहत्य ब्राह्मणीं विप्रस्त्वष्टवर्षं व्रतं चरेत् / राजन्यां वर्षषट्कं तु वैश्यां संवत्सरत्रयम् / वत्सरेण विशुद्ध्येत शूद्रां हत्वा द्विजोत्तमः

nihatya brāhmaṇīṃ viprastvaṣṭavarṣaṃ vrataṃ caret / rājanyāṃ varṣaṣaṭkaṃ tu vaiśyāṃ saṃvatsaratrayam / vatsareṇa viśuddhyeta śūdrāṃ hatvā dvijottamaḥ

เมื่อสังหารสตรีพราหมณ์ พราหมณ์พึงบำเพ็ญตบะเป็นเวลาแปดปี สำหรับสตรีกษัตริย์หกปี สตรีไวศยะสามปี และสตรีศูทรหนึ่งปี จึงจะบริสุทธิ์

निहत्यhaving killed
निहत्य:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि-हन् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive), अव्ययभाव; having slain
ब्राह्मणीम्a Brahmin woman
ब्राह्मणीम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; accusative singular feminine
विप्रःa Brahmin (man)
विप्रः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular masculine
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; particle
अष्ट-वर्षम्(for) eight years
अष्ट-वर्षम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअष्टन् + वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; accusative singular neuter; द्विगु (अष्ट वर्षाणि)
व्रतम्vow/penance
व्रतम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
चरेत्should practice
चरेत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootचर् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; parasmaipada
राजन्याम्a Kṣatriya woman
राजन्याम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; accusative singular feminine (object of killing implied)
वर्ष-षट्कम्(for) six years
वर्ष-षट्कम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष + षट्क (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; accusative singular neuter; द्विगु (षट् वर्षाणि)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; particle
वैश्याम्a Vaiśya woman
वैश्याम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; accusative singular feminine (object of killing implied)
संवत्सर-त्रयम्(for) three years
संवत्सर-त्रयम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसंवत्सर + त्रय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; accusative singular neuter; द्विगु (त्रयः संवत्सराः)
वत्सरेणby/within a year
वत्सरेण:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; instrumental singular masculine (means/duration)
विशुद्ध्येतshould become purified
विशुद्ध्येत:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि-शुध् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; intransitive ‘be purified’
शूद्राम्a Śūdra woman
शूद्राम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; accusative singular feminine
हत्वाhaving killed
हत्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहन् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive), अव्ययभाव
द्विजोत्तमःthe best of the twice-born (Brahmin)
द्विजोत्तमः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज + उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular masculine; षष्ठी/कर्मधारय-भावार्थ (द्विजानाम् उत्तमः)

Sūta (narrating Purāṇic dharma-teachings to the sages, within the Kurma Purana’s discourse framework)

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

B
Brāhmaṇa
K
Kṣatriya (Rājanya)
V
Vaiśya
Ś
Śūdra
V
Vrata (Prāyaścitta)

FAQs

This verse is primarily dharmaśāstric, prescribing prāyaścitta (expiation) for grave harm; it does not directly teach ātman-metaphysics, but it assumes moral accountability and purification as prerequisites for spiritual clarity.

The verse highlights vrata (disciplined observance) as a purification practice; in Purāṇic spirituality, such restraint supports inner purification that can later mature into higher sādhana such as japa, dhyāna, and (in the Kurma Purana’s broader frame) Pāśupata-oriented discipline.

It does not explicitly discuss Śiva–Viṣṇu unity; it belongs to the Kurma Purana’s shared dharma layer that both Śaiva and Vaiṣṇava traditions accept as ethical groundwork for higher realization.