Shloka 39

Āvāhāryaka-Śrāddha: Qualifications of Recipients, Paṅkti-Pāvana, and Exclusions

Devanagari script

परिवेत्ता तथा हिंस्त्रः परिवित्तिर्निराकृतिः / पौनर्भवः कुसीदी च तथा नक्षत्रदर्शकः

Transliteration

parivettā tathā hiṃstraḥ parivittirnirākṛtiḥ / paunarbhavaḥ kusīdī ca tathā nakṣatradarśakaḥ

Translation

ผู้ที่แต่งงานก่อนพี่ชาย, ผู้มีใจรุนแรง, ผู้ที่น้องแต่งงานแล้วแต่พี่ยังไม่แต่ง, ผู้ถูกขับออกจากวรรณะ, ผู้แต่งงานใหม่, ผู้กินดอกเบี้ย, และผู้เลี้ยงชีพด้วยการทำนายดาว—ล้วนจัดว่าเป็นผู้ควรถูกติเตียน

Word by Word

• parivettā: one who marries before the elder brother (parivettā)
• parivettā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pari-vettṛ (परि + वेत्तृ/विद्-आधारित प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• tathā: also/likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/प्रकार-अव्यय (also/likewise)

• hiṃstraḥ: violent, harmful
• hiṃstraḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: hiṃsra (हिंस्र प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (implicit person)

• parivittiḥ: the elder brother who remains unmarried (parivitti)
• parivittiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pari-vitti (परि + वित्ति/विद्-आधारित प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा, एकवचन

• nirākṛtiḥ: one who is rejected/excluded
• nirākṛtiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nir-ākṛti (निर् + आकृति प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• paunarbhavaḥ: one born of a remarried woman; paunarbhava
• paunarbhavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paunar-bhava (पौनर् + भव प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• kusīdī: usurer
• kusīdī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kusīdin (कुसीदिन् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-निपात

• tathā: also/likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/प्रकार-अव्यय

• nakṣatradarśakaḥ: star-gazer/astrologer
• nakṣatradarśakaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nakṣatra-darśaka (नक्षत्र + दर्शक प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speaker

Sūta (narrating the dharma-teaching as transmitted in the Kurma Purana)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

This verse does not directly define Ātman; it lays the ethical groundwork (sadācāra) by listing censured behaviors, which the Purāṇa treats as prerequisites for higher spiritual discipline.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

No specific yogic technique is taught here; the focus is moral restraint and dharmic livelihood—foundational disciplines that support later teachings such as Pāśupata-oriented devotion and purification.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

It does not explicitly mention Śiva or Viṣṇu; its dharma-listing fits the Kurma Purana’s broader synthesis where ethical purity supports both Vaiṣṇava devotion (to Lord Kūrma/Viṣṇu) and Śaiva-Pāśupata practice.