Shloka 5

Śrāddha-Kāla-Nirṇaya: Proper Times, Nakṣatra Fruits, Tīrtha Merit, and Offerings for Ancestral Rites

Devanagari script

त्रयोदशी मघायुक्ता वर्षासु तु विशेषतः / शस्यापाकश्राद्धकाला नित्याः प्रोक्ता दिने दिने

Transliteration

trayodaśī maghāyuktā varṣāsu tu viśeṣataḥ / śasyāpākaśrāddhakālā nityāḥ proktā dine dine

Translation

ในฤดูฝน โดยเฉพาะตรีโยทศีที่ประกอบด้วยนักษัตรมฆาเป็นที่สรรเสริญ เป็นกาลอันเหมาะสมเป็นนิตย์ในทุก ๆ วันสำหรับศราทธะเนื่องด้วยการสุกงอมของพืชผล

Word by Word

• त्रयोदशी: the thirteenth (tithi)
• त्रयोदशी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रयोदशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• मघा-युक्ता: associated with Maghā
• मघा-युक्ता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मघा (प्रातिपदिक) + युक्त (कृदन्त; युज् धातु)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; 'joined with Maghā (nakṣatra)' qualifying त्रयोदशी

• वर्षासु: in the rains
• वर्षासु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्षा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), बहुवचन; locative—'in the rainy season(s)'

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle), contrast/emphasis

• विशेषतः: especially
• विशेषतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विशेषतः (अव्यय; विशेष)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb) — 'especially'

• शस्य-अपाक-श्राद्ध-कालाः: times for harvest-ripening and śrāddha
• शस्य-अपाक-श्राद्ध-कालाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शस्य (प्रातिपदिक) + अपाक (प्रातिपदिक) + श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन; 'times for crop-ripening and śrāddha' (determinative chain)

• नित्याः: regular/constant
• नित्याः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन; predicate adjective to कालाः

• प्रोक्ताः: are declared
• प्रोक्ताः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग) + वच् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; passive sense 'are said/declared'

• दिने: on a day
• दिने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; adverbial locative

• दिने: day by day
• दिने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; repetition for distributive sense

Speaker

Sūta (narrating the dharma-teaching of the Purāṇa)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Characters & Entities

• Maghā Nakṣatra
• Trayodaśī
• Śrāddha
• Pitṛs (ancestors)

More Details (4 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

This verse is primarily dharma-prayoga (ritual timing) rather than direct ātma-tattva teaching; it implies that honoring the Pitṛs through rightly-timed rites sustains ṛta/dharma, which in the Purāṇic synthesis supports inner purity conducive to Self-knowledge.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

No explicit yoga technique is taught here; the emphasis is on niyama-like discipline—observing proper tithi-nakṣatra and seasonal purity for Śrāddha—which the Kurma Purana often treats as supportive of sādhana (ethical-ritual foundations that steady the mind).

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

It does not directly discuss Shiva–Vishnu unity; it reflects the shared Purāṇic dharma framework in which both Shaiva and Vaishnava traditions uphold Śrāddha and cosmic order as part of integrated spiritual life.