Shloka 22

Bhojana-vidhi and Nitya-karman: Directions for Eating, Prāṇa-Oblations, Sandhyā, and Conduct Leading to Apavarga

Devanagari script

न ब्रह्म कीर्तयन् वापि न निः शेषं न भार्यया / नान्धकारे न चाकाशे न च देवालयादिषु

Transliteration

na brahma kīrtayan vāpi na niḥ śeṣaṃ na bhāryayā / nāndhakāre na cākāśe na ca devālayādiṣu

Translation

แม้การสรรเสริญ/สวดพระพรหมันก็ไม่ควรกระทำอย่างไม่เหมาะ—ไม่ทำอย่างเลินเล่อ ไม่ทำร่วมกับภรรยา; ไม่ทำในความมืด ไม่ทำกลางแจ้งใต้ท้องฟ้า (ในที่เปิดโล่ง) และไม่ทำในเทวาลัยเป็นต้น (เมื่อไม่สมควรแก่สถานที่นั้น)

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• brahma: Brahman / sacred formula
• brahma: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचनम्

• kīrtayan: reciting/praising
• kīrtayan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √kīrt (धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्तः (present participle)

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (or)

• api: even
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अपि-भावार्थक-अव्यय (even/also)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• niḥ-śeṣam: completely, without remainder
• niḥ-śeṣam: Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: niḥ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + śeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समासः; अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः (adverbial): 'निःशेषम्' = पूर्णतया

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• bhāryayā: with the wife
• bhāryayā: Karana (करणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāryā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे, तृतीया-विभक्तिः (Instrumental/करण), एकवचनम्

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• andhakāre: in darkness
• andhakāre: Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: andhakāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचनम्

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• ākāśe: in the open sky/outdoors
• ākāśe: Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ākāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचनम्

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• devālaya-ādiṣu: in temples and the like
• devālaya-ādiṣu: Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक) + ālaya (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः (Locative/अधिकरण), बहुवचनम्; समासः: देवालय + आदि (आदि-समास/तत्पुरुष-प्रायः) = 'देवालयादि' (temples etc.)

Speaker

Lord Kūrma (Vishnu) instructing King Indradyumna (didactic discourse on dharma and disciplined practice).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Characters & Entities

• Brahman
• Devālaya (temple)

More Details (4 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

By restricting careless or unsuitable praise of “Brahman,” the verse implies that realization and recitation relating to the Supreme are not casual acts; they require inner discipline and proper context, aligning outer behavior with reverence for the Self/Absolute.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

It highlights preparatory restraints (yama-like discipline) for mantra-japa and kīrtana: recite with attention, in appropriate places and conditions, avoiding distraction and impropriety—foundational to Purāṇic Yoga practice and later Pāśupata-oriented discipline.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

While not naming Śiva directly, the verse reflects the Kurma Purana’s shared Śaiva–Vaiṣṇava ethic: mantra practice and devotion to the Supreme must be regulated by dharma and purity—an approach compatible with both Pāśupata discipline and Vaiṣṇava bhakti.