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Shloka 8

Time-Reckoning (Kāla-gaṇanā): Yugas, Manvantaras, Kalpas, and Prākṛta Pralaya

चत्वार्याहुः सहस्त्राणि वर्षाणां तत्कृतं युगम् / तस्य तावच्छती सन्ध्या सन्ध्यांशश्च कृतस्य तु

catvāryāhuḥ sahastrāṇi varṣāṇāṃ tatkṛtaṃ yugam / tasya tāvacchatī sandhyā sandhyāṃśaśca kṛtasya tu

เขากล่าวว่า กฤต (สัตยะ) ยุคมีสี่พันปี และสนธยาในเบื้องต้นมีขนาดเท่ากันในหน่วยร้อย อีกทั้งส่วนสนธยาปลาย (สนธยางศะ) ของกฤตยุคก็มีขนาดเท่ากันในหน่วยร้อยเช่นกัน

चत्वारिfour
चत्वारि:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर् (संख्याशब्द/प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सहस्त्राणि इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन
सहस्त्राणिthousands
सहस्त्राणि:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
वर्षाणाम्of years
वर्षाणाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive, 6th), बहुवचन
तत्that
तत्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; युगम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
कृतम्Kṛta (Satya)
कृतम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; युगम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम् (name of the yuga)
युगम्yuga/age
युगम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootयुग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन
तस्यof it/of that (yuga)
तस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive, 6th), एकवचन
तावत्so much/as much
तावत्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतावत् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
Formपरिमाणवाचक; स्त्रीलिङ्गे एकवचनं (agreeing with सन्ध्या)
शतीa hundred (units)
शती:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootशती (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘hundred (in measure)’—सन्ध्या इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
सन्ध्याtwilight/junction-period (sandhyā)
सन्ध्या:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसन्ध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
सन्ध्यांशःthe sandhyā-portion (dawn/dusk part)
सन्ध्यांशः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसन्ध्या + अंश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक निपात (conjunction)
कृतस्यof the Kṛta (yuga)
कृतस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootकृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive, 6th), एकवचन; ‘of the Kṛta (yuga)’
तुindeed/and
तु:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), emphasis/contrast

Sūta (narrator) relaying the Purāṇic teaching on cosmic time to the sages (Naimiṣāraṇya frame)

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

K
Kṛta Yuga
S
Sandhyā
S
Sandhyā-aṁśa

FAQs

Indirectly: by defining vast, ordered cycles of time (kāla) within which beings experience Dharma and its changes, the verse supports the Purāṇic view that the unchanging Self stands apart from time while the cosmos moves through measured epochs.

No specific practice is taught in this verse; it provides the kāla-framework (yuga and its sandhyā periods) that later supports Kurma Purana’s discipline-oriented teachings—where sādhanā, austerity, and Dharma are aligned with the conditions of each age.

It does not explicitly mention Śiva or Viṣṇu; however, as a shared Purāṇic cosmology, the measured order of time is presented as a universal doctrine compatible with the Kurma Purana’s Shaiva–Vaishnava synthesis in other sections.