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Shloka 21

Sūrya’s Celestial Car: Ādityas, Ṛṣis, Gandharvas, Apsarases, Nāgas, and the Two-Month Cosmic Cycle

एते सहैव सूर्येण भ्रमन्ति दिवि सानुगाः / विमाने च स्थितो नित्यं कामगे वातरंहसि

ete sahaiva sūryeṇa bhramanti divi sānugāḥ / vimāne ca sthito nityaṃ kāmage vātaraṃhasi

เหล่าบริวารเหล่านี้พร้อมพระสุริยะย่อมเวียนไปในท้องฟ้าเป็นนิตย์ และพระสุริยะประทับมั่นในวิมานเสมอ เคลื่อนไปตามพระประสงค์ รวดเร็วประหนึ่งลม ท่องไปในนภา

etethese (ones)
ete:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)
sahatogether with
saha:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsaha (अव्यय)
FormPreposition-like indeclinable (सह-योगे अव्यय) governing Instrumental
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निश्चयार्थक/अवधारण अव्यय)
sūryeṇawith the Sun
sūryeṇa:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
TypeNoun
Rootsūrya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular (एकवचन)
bhramantiwander/move about
bhramanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhram (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (लट्/Present), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)
diviin heaven/sky
divi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootdiv (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)
sa-anugāḥwith attendants/followed by retinue
sa-anugāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootanuga (प्रातिपदिक) with sa- (स- उपसर्ग/सह)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); bahuvrīhi-like sense 'having followers/attendants' but not a fixed compound here
vimānein the aerial car
vimāne:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootvimāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
sthitaḥis situated/stands
sthitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootsthita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √sthā धातु, क्त/PPP)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/PPP), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); predicative 'is situated'
nityamalways
nityam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnitya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAdverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण द्वितीया एकवचन)
kāma-gein the wish-moving (self-propelled)
kāma-ge:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkāma + ga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) 'kāmena gacchati' = moving at will; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with 'vimāne'
vāta-raṃhasiin (one) swift as the wind
vāta-raṃhasi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvāta + raṃhas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) 'vātasya raṃhaḥ' = speed of wind; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी/7), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with 'vimāne'

Vyāsa (narrating Purāṇic cosmology to the listening sages)

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

S
Sūrya

FAQs

Indirectly: it presents cosmic order—Sūrya’s regulated movement with attendants—hinting that the universe operates under an overarching, intelligible principle that later Shaiva-Vaishnava teaching frames as Īśvara’s governance.

No explicit practice is taught; the verse supports contemplative meditation on cosmic order (ṛta/kāla), a common Purāṇic aid for steadiness of mind and devotion that complements later Kurma Purana yoga instructions.

It does not directly mention Śiva or Viṣṇu; it situates Sūrya within a divinely ordered cosmos, consistent with the Kurma Purana’s broader synthesis where all deities function within one supreme governance.