Shloka 54

Yuga-Dharma: The Four Ages, Decline of Dharma, and the Rise of Social Order

Devanagari script

अवृष्टिर्मरणं चैव तथैव वायाध्युपद्रवाः / वाङ्मनः कायजैर्दुः सैर्निर्वेदो जायते नृणाम्

Transliteration

avṛṣṭirmaraṇaṃ caiva tathaiva vāyādhyupadravāḥ / vāṅmanaḥ kāyajairduḥ sairnirvedo jāyate nṛṇām

Translation

จากความแล้งฝน จากความตาย และจากภัยพิบัติที่เกิดด้วยลมอันรุนแรง ตลอดจนทุกข์ที่เกิดจากวาจา ใจ และกาย—ย่อมบังเกิดนิรเวทะ คือความหน่ายคลายในมนุษย์

Word by Word

• अ-वृष्टिः: lack of rain
• अ-वृष्टिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; नञ्-पूर्वपद (अभाव)

• मरणम्: death
• मरणम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• एव: indeed
• एव: Avadharana (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण

• तथा: thus/likewise
• तथा: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकार-अव्यय (adverb: ‘thus/so’)

• एव: also/indeed
• एव: Avadharana (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण

• वायु-अधि-उपद्रवाः: wind-related calamities
• वायु-अधि-उपद्रवाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वायु (प्रातिपदिक) + अधि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + उपद्रव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (वायोः अधि उपद्रवाः = ‘wind-related calamities’)

• वाक्-मनः-काय-जैः: by those arising from speech, mind, and body
• वाक्-मनः-काय-जैः: Karana/Hetu (करण/हेतु)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वाक् (प्रातिपदिक) + मनस् (प्रातिपदिक) + काय (प्रातिपदिक) + ज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (वाक्-मनः-कायात् जाताः)

• दुःखैः: by sufferings
• दुःखैः: Karana/Hetu (करण/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• निर्वेदः: dispassion/indifference
• निर्वेदः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निर्वेद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• जायते: arises
• जायते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• नृणाम्: of men/people
• नृणाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

Speaker

Narratorial/Didactic voice within the Purva-bhaga discourse (Kurma Purana teaching context)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

Indirectly: by showing that worldly shocks (drought, death, calamity, inner pain) generate nirveda, the mind turns away from transient phenomena—preparing one to seek the stable Self beyond speech, mind, and bodily conditions.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

The verse highlights the prerequisite of Yoga: nirveda/vairagya (dispassion). In the Kurma Purana’s spiritual framework, such detachment supports disciplined practice—restraint of speech, calming the mind, and steadying the body—leading toward sustained meditation and devotion.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

It does not name Shiva or Vishnu directly; its shared puranic stance is synthetic: dispassion born from suffering is presented as a universal doorway to liberation, compatible with both Shaiva (Pashupata) and Vaishnava paths emphasized across the Kurma Purana.