Shloka 110

Invocation, Purāṇa Lakṣaṇas, Kurma at the Samudra-manthana, and Indradyumna’s Liberation Teaching

Iśvara-Gītā Prelude

Devanagari script

ततः प्रादुरभूत् तस्मिन् प्रकाशः परमात्मनः / तन्मध्ये पुरुषं पूर्वमपश्यत् परमं पदम्

Transliteration

tataḥ prādurabhūt tasmin prakāśaḥ paramātmanaḥ / tanmadhye puruṣaṃ pūrvamapaśyat paramaṃ padam

Translation

แล้ว ณ ที่นั้น แสงสว่างแห่งปรมาตมันได้ปรากฏขึ้น และท่ามกลางแสงนั้น เขาได้เห็นบุรุษดั้งเดิม—ผู้เป็น ‘ปรมบท’ อันสูงสุดเอง

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अनुक्रमार्थ (then)

• prādur-abhūt: appeared
• prādur-abhūt: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prādur (अव्यय) + √bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्; ‘प्रादुर्’ निपात-पूर्वक

• tasmin: in that (place)
• tasmin: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• prakāśaḥ: a radiance/light
• prakāśaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prakāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• parama-ātmanaḥ: of the Supreme Self
• parama-ātmanaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (‘परमः आत्मा’), षष्ठी, एकवचन

• tat: in that
• tat: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; विशेषण of madhye (locative)

• madhye: in the middle
• madhye: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन (locative used adverbially: ‘in the middle’)

• puruṣam: the Person
• puruṣam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• pūrvam: first/previously
• pūrvam: Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: formerly/first)

• apaśyat: he saw
• apaśyat: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: apa + √dṛś (दृश् धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• paramam: supreme
• paramam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण of padam

• padam: state/abode/position
• padam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speaker

Narrator (Purāṇic narrator describing the primordial manifestation; traditionally framed through Sūta/Vyāsa narration)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Characters & Entities

• Paramatman
• Purusha
• Parama Padam

More Details (4 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

It presents the Paramātman as self-revealing Light (prakāśa) that manifests from within the primordial condition, indicating the Supreme is known not as an external object but as the luminous ground of awareness and being.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

The imagery supports dhyāna on inner radiance: the yogin turns inward to the prakāśa of the Self and realizes the primordial Puruṣa as the highest goal (parama padam), aligning with Kurma Purana’s contemplative, Pāśupata-leaning interiorization.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

By focusing on the single Paramātman and the primordial Puruṣa as the supreme abode, the verse fits the Kurma Purana’s synthetic theology where ultimate reality transcends sectarian names—read as one Supreme referenced through both Śaiva and Vaiṣṇava vocabularies.