Shloka 29

The Extent of Questions: Deathbed Rites, Kāla (Time), and Karma-Vipāka Rebirths

Devanagari script

प्रायाश्चित्तं विशुद्धाग्नौ संसारे ऽसारसागरे / गोमयेनोपलिम्पेत्तु दर्भास्तरणसंस्थिते

Transliteration

prāyāścittaṃ viśuddhāgnau saṃsāre 'sārasāgare / gomayenopalimpettu darbhāstaraṇasaṃsthite

Translation

ในมหาสมุทรแห่งวัฏสงสารอันไร้แก่นสารนี้ พึงประกอบ “ปรायัศจิตตะ” ต่อหน้าไฟศักดิ์สิทธิ์อันบริสุทธิ์ แล้วทาพื้นที่ด้วยมูลโค และนั่งบนอาสนะที่ปูด้วยหญ้าดರ್ಭะ

Word by Word

• प्रायाश्चित्तम्: expiation, atonement
• प्रायाश्चित्तम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रायः + चित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (प्रायः चित्तम्) (neut. nom./acc. sg.)

• विशुद्धाग्नौ: in the purified fire
• विशुद्धाग्नौ: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशुद्ध + अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (विशुद्धः अग्निः) (Loc. sg. masc.)

• संसारे: in worldly existence
• संसारे: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संसार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन (Loc. sg. masc.)

• असारसागरे: in the ocean that is worthless (i.e., the futile ocean of samsara)
• असारसागरे: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असार + सागर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (असारः सागरः) (Loc. sg. masc.)

• गोमयेन: with cow-dung
• गोमयेन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोमय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन (Instr. sg. neut.)

• उपलिम्पेत्: should plaster/smear
• उपलिम्पेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप + √लिप् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद (Optative, 3rd sg.: should smear/plaster)

• तु: indeed
• तु: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विशेष/विरोधबोधक-अव्यय (particle)

• दर्भास्तरणसंस्थिते: on/at (a place) arranged with a darbha covering
• दर्भास्तरणसंस्थिते: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दर्भ + स्तरण + संस्थित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (दर्भास्तरणे संस्थिते) (Loc. sg. neut.; qualifying an implied स्थान/आसन)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Prāyaścitta (expiation) performed with purified fire and proper ritual purity counters karmic taint within saṃsāra’s perilous ocean.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-śuddhi as preparatory discipline; ritual order (niyama) supports inner clarity and reduces binding impressions (saṃskāra).

Application: When undertaking expiation or solemn vows, prepare the space: purify fire, smear the ground with gomaya (or hygienic traditional substitute), and sit on darbha/kuśa as pavitra-āsana.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Geographic Context

Type: household altar/ritual enclosure

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: prāyaścitta prescriptions and śaucācāra around agni; Garuda Purana: darbha as āsana and pavitra in rites

Characters & Entities

• Agni
• Darbha (Kuśa grass)
• Gomaya (cow-dung)

FAQs

What is the importance of prāyaścitta (atonement) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames prāyaścitta as a disciplined purification rite done with a sanctified fire and a ritually pure setting, emphasizing that spiritual cleansing is necessary to cross the unstable, insubstantial nature of saṃsāra.

Why does the verse mention cow-dung (gomaya) and darbha grass?

Gomaya is used to purify and consecrate the ritual ground, while darbha (kuśa) is a traditional sacred grass used for ritual seating and protection, creating a proper, dharmic environment for expiation.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Maintain purity and intentionality in any act of repentance—create a clean, dedicated space, follow a disciplined practice, and treat atonement as a sincere inner correction rather than a casual formality.