Shloka 21
चतुर्युगाख्यान (Caturyuga-Ākhyāna) — Yuga-wise Origins and Measurements of Beings
Devanagari script
दशात्मके ये विषये कारणे चाष्टलक्षणे / न क्रुध्यन्ति न त्दृष्यन्ति जितात्मानस्तु ते स्मृताः
Transliteration
daśātmake ye viṣaye kāraṇe cāṣṭalakṣaṇe / na krudhyanti na tdṛṣyanti jitātmānastu te smṛtāḥ
Translation
ผู้ใดอยู่ท่ามกลางอารมณ์สิบประการและเหตุอันมีลักษณะแปด แต่ไม่โกรธ ไม่กระหายใคร่—ผู้นั้นแลถูกนับว่าเป็นผู้ชนะตน (ชิตาตมัน)
Word by Word
daśātmakein the tenfold (ten-natured)
daśātmake:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdaśa + ātmaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; विशेषण (locative qualifier)
yewho (those who)
ye:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक सर्वनाम
viṣayein the object/field (of experience)
viṣaye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootviṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन
kāraṇein the cause
kāraṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootkāraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
aṣṭalakṣaṇein the eight-characterized (eightfold)
aṣṭalakṣaṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootaṣṭa + lakṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; द्विगुसमास, विशेषण
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation particle)
krudhyantithey get angry
krudhyanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkrudh (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation particle)
tadthat
tad:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (here as object-pronoun)
dṛśyantithey are seen/they appear
dṛśyanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद (passive-like sense: 'are seen/appear')
jitātmānaḥself-controlled (those whose self is conquered)
jitātmānaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjita (कृदन्त; √ji धातु) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—'जितः आत्मा येषाम्'
tuindeed/but
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/अन्वयबोधक अव्यय (particle: but/indeed)
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
smṛtāḥare called/are considered
smṛtāḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/विधेय)
TypeVerb
Rootsmṛta (कृदन्त; √smṛ धातु)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विधेय (predicate)