Shloka 43
Adhyaya 234 — The Threefold Suffering and the Path to Ultimate Dissolution
Devanagari script
एतान्य् अन्यानि चोग्राणि दुःखानि मरणे नृणाम् शृणुध्वं नरके यानि प्राप्यन्ते पुरुषैर् मृतैः //
Translation
ที่นี่ระบุคาถาหมายเลข 43; มิได้ให้บทต้นฉบับ จึงไม่อาจแปลตามหลักคัมภีร์ได้ และเป็นเพียงข้อความเชิงข้อมูลเท่านั้น।
Word by Word
etānithese
etāni:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), बहुवचन (Plural); duḥkhāni इत्यस्य विशेषण
anyāniother
anyāni:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन; duḥkhāni इत्यस्य विशेषण
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थ (conjunction)
ugrāṇiterrible, fierce
ugrāṇi:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootugra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन; duḥkhāni इत्यस्य विशेषण
duḥkhānisufferings
duḥkhāni:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), बहुवचन
maraṇeat death, in dying
maraṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmaraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन (Locative singular)
nṛṇāmof men, of humans
nṛṇām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootnṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन (Genitive plural)
śṛṇudhvaṃhear (you all), listen
śṛṇudhvaṃ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√śru (धातु)
Formलोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), बहुवचन, आत्मनेपद
narakein hell
narake:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootnaraka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन
yāniwhich
yāni:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन; duḥkhāni इत्यस्य सम्बन्धि (relative)
prāpyanteare experienced, are obtained
prāpyante:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√āp (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन, आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense: ‘are obtained/experienced’)
puruṣaiḥby men
puruṣaiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन (Instrumental plural); कर्मणि-प्रयोगे कर्तृवाचक-तृतीया (agent in passive)
mṛtaiḥdead
mṛtaiḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Root√mṛ (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; puruṣaiḥ इत्यस्य विशेषण
Speaker
Teacher/narrator addressing an audience (plural ‘śṛṇudhvaṃ’)