Shloka 1
Adhyaya 234 — The Threefold Suffering and the Path to Ultimate Dissolution
Devanagari script
व्यास उवाच आध्यात्मिकादि भो विप्रा ज्ञात्वा तापत्रयं बुधः उत्पन्नज्ञानवैराग्यः प्राप्नोत्य् आत्यन्तिकं लयम् //
Translation
นี่คือคาถาที่ 1
Word by Word
vyāsaḥVyāsa
vyāsaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvyāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
ādhyātmika-ādithe spiritual etc. (categories)
ādhyātmika-ādi:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootādhyātmika + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: 'ādhyātmikaṃ ca ādiś ca' → 'ādhyātmikādi' = 'the spiritual etc. (types)'
bhoO!
bho:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbho (अव्यय)
FormVocative particle (सम्बोधन-निपात)
viprāḥO brāhmaṇas
viprāḥ:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootvipra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Plural (बहुवचन)
jñātvāhaving known
jñātvā:
Kriyā (क्रिया/पूर्वक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootjñā (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), indeclinable (अव्ययभाव); expresses prior action
tāpa-trayamthe threefold suffering
tāpa-trayam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottāpa + traya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); dvigu: 'trayo tāpāḥ' = threefold suffering
budhaḥthe wise person
budhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbudha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
utpanna-jñāna-vairāgyaḥwhose knowledge and dispassion have arisen
utpanna-jñāna-vairāgyaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootutpanna (कृदन्त: उत्+pad, क्त) + jñāna (प्रातिपदिक) + vairāgya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: 'utpanne jñāne vairāgye ca yasya' (having arisen knowledge and dispassion)
prāpnotiattains
prāpnoti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootāp (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
ātyantikamultimate/absolute
ātyantikam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootātyantika (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying 'layam'
layamdissolution/absorption
layam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootlaya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
Speaker
Vyāsa instructing the assembled brāhmaṇa-sages (viprāḥ).