Brahma Purana — Sāṃkhya-Yoga on Discerning Guṇas, Overcoming Bodily Doṣas, and Attaining Mokṣa, Shloka 3
Devanagari script
व्यास उवाच शृणुध्वं मुनयः सर्वम् आख्यानं विदितात्मनाम् विहितं यतिभिर् वृद्धैः कपिलादिभिर् ईश्वरैः //
Translation
นี่คือคาถาที่สาม—กล่าวโดยย่อถึงสภาวะของธรรมะ อรรถะ กามะ และโมกษะอย่างศักดิ์สิทธิ์
Word by Word
vyāsaḥVyāsa
vyāsaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvyāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
śṛṇudhvamlisten (you all)
śṛṇudhvam:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verbal action)
TypeVerb
Rootśru (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद
munayaḥO sages
munayaḥ:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
TypeNoun
Rootmuni (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
sarvamentire
sarvam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)
ākhyānamnarrative, account
ākhyānam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootākhyāna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
vidita-ātmanāmof the self-knowing (ones)
vidita-ātmanām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeAdjective
Rootvidita (कृदन्त, √vid/विद्) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुवचन, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive); (पुं/नपुं) ‘whose self is known’—genitive plural qualifier
vihitamprescribed, laid down
vihitam:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-√dhā (धातु)
Formकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; ‘prescribed/ordained’ qualifying ākhyānam
yatibhiḥby ascetics
yatibhiḥ:
Karana (करण/Instrument; agentive ‘by’)
TypeNoun
Rootyati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
vṛddhaiḥby the elder/aged
vṛddhaiḥ:
Karana (करण/Instrument qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootvṛddha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifier) to yatibhiḥ
kapila-ādibhiḥby Kapila and others
kapila-ādibhiḥ:
Karana (करण/Instrument; agentive ‘by’)
TypeNoun
Rootkapila (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; ‘Kapila and others’ (ādi-anta compound)
īśvaraiḥby the lords/masters
īśvaraiḥ:
Karana (करण/Instrument; agentive ‘by’)
TypeNoun
Rootīśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; apposition to kapilādibhiḥ/yatibhiḥ
Speaker
Vyāsa addressing the sages.