Brahma Purana — Akshara and Kshara: Vasiṣṭha’s Teaching to Karāla Janaka on Cosmogenesis and Liberation, Shloka 1
Devanagari script
मुनय ऊचुः किं तद् अक्षरम् इत्य् उक्तं यस्मान् नावर्तते पुनः किंस्वित् तत् क्षरम् इत्य् उक्तं यस्माद् आवर्तते पुनः //
Translation
เหล่าฤๅษีกล่าวว่า: ข้าแต่พระผู้มีพระภาค ผู้ทรงรอบรู้ธรรมทั้งปวง ผู้เชี่ยวชาญในศาสตร์ทั้งปวง ข้าพเจ้าทั้งหลายมีความอยากรู้อย่างยิ่ง จึงปรารถนาจะฟังเรื่องจิตวิญญาณ
Word by Word
munayaḥsages
munayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmuni (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
ūcuḥsaid
ūcuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद
kimwhat?
kim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd; interrogative), एकवचन (Singular)
tatthat
tat:
Visheshya (विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular), सर्वनाम
akṣaramthe imperishable (akṣara)
akṣaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootakṣara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरणसूचक अव्यय (quotative particle)
uktamis said/has been stated
uktam:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे ‘said/declared’
yasmātfrom which/because of which
yasmāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन (Singular), सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation particle)
āvartatereturns
āvartate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootāvṛt (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद
punaḥagain
punaḥ:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpunaḥ (अव्यय)
Formकाल/पुनरावृत्तिवाचक अव्यय (adverb: again)
kimwhat?
kim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (Singular), प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम
svitindeed/then (interrogative emphasis)
svit:
Prashna (प्रश्न)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsvit (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक/संशयार्थक अव्यय (interrogative particle)
tatthat
tat:
Visheshya (विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन, सर्वनाम
kṣaramthe perishable (kṣara)
kṣaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (Singular)
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरणसूचक अव्यय
uktamis said/has been stated
uktam:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
yasmātfrom which/because of which
yasmāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपञ्चमी (Ablative), एकवचन, सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम
āvartatereturns
āvartate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootāvṛt (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद
punaḥagain
punaḥ:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpunaḥ (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण अव्यय (again)
Speaker
Sages (munis) addressing Vyāsa (implied by 241.5–6 narrative setup)