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Shloka 5

Jaḍa Bharata’s Birth, Feigned Madness, and Protection by Goddess Kālī

स चापि तदु ह पितृसन्निधावेवासध्रीचीनमिव स्म करोति छन्दांस्यध्यापयिष्यन्सह व्याहृतिभि: सप्रणवशिरस्त्रिपदीं सावित्रीं ग्रैष्मवासन्तिकान्मासानधीयानमप्यसमवेतरूपं ग्राहयामास ॥ ५ ॥

sa cāpi tad u ha pitṛ-sannidhāv evāsadhrīcīnam iva sma karoti chandāṁsy adhyāpayiṣyan saha vyāhṛtibhiḥ sapraṇava-śiras tripadīṁ sāvitrīṁ graiṣma-vāsantikān māsān adhīyānam apy asamaveta-rūpaṁ grāhayām āsa.

ชฎภรตะแสดงกิริยาต่อหน้าบิดาราวกับคนโง่ ทั้งที่บิดาพยายามสอนความรู้พระเวทอย่างเพียงพอ เขาทำตรงข้ามเพื่อให้บิดารู้ว่าเขาไม่เหมาะแก่การสอนและจะเลิกพยายาม เช่น สั่งให้ล้างมือหลังขับถ่าย เขากลับล้างก่อน ถึงกระนั้นบิดายังพยายามสอนในฤดูใบไม้ผลิและฤดูร้อน โดยสอนมนต์สāvitrī (คายตรี) สามบทพร้อมโอมการะและวยาหฤติ แต่แม้ผ่านสี่เดือนก็ยังสอนไม่สำเร็จ

saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय
apialso
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अपि (also)
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, एकवचन; संदर्भसूचक (that)
u(emphatic particle)
u:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; पदपूरण/अनुनासिक
haindeed
ha:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; खलु/स्मरणार्थ
pitṛ-sannidhauin the presence of (his) father
pitṛ-sannidhau:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ+sannidhi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (father's presence)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारण (only/indeed)
asadhrīcīnamimproper / not straight
asadhrīcīnam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootasadhrīcīna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
ivaas if
iva:
Sambandha (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपमा (as if/like)
sma(narrative particle)
sma:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsma (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; भूतार्थे सहायक (used with past narration)
karotidoes
karoti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kṛ (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
chandāṁsiVedic meters / Vedic texts
chandāṁsi:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootchandas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन
adhyāpayiṣyanintending to teach
adhyāpayiṣyan:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootadhi-√i (धातु)
Formभविष्यत्कृदन्त (शतृ; future participle/intentive), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; causative sense implied by context (to make study/teach)
sahatogether with
saha:
Sambandha (सह)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsaha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; सहार्थक (together with)
vyāhṛtibhiḥwith the vyāhṛtis (bhūḥ, bhuvaḥ, svaḥ)
vyāhṛtibhiḥ:
Sahakāraka/Karaṇa (सह/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootvyāhṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
sa-praṇava-śiraḥhaving the praṇava (oṁ) at the beginning
sa-praṇava-śiraḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (अव्यय-उपसर्गार्थ)+praṇava+śiras (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (having praṇava as head; with 'sa-' = 'with')
tripadīmthe three-footed (Gāyatrī)
tripadīm:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottripadī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
sāvitrīmthe Sāvitrī (Gāyatrī mantra)
sāvitrīm:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsāvitrī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
graiṣma-vāsantikān(during) summer and spring
graiṣma-vāsantikān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootgraiṣma+vāsantika (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व (summer and spring)
māsānmonths
māsān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
adhīyānam(though) studying
adhīyānam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootadhi-√i (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (शानच्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'studying'
apieven though
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अपि (even/though)
asamaveta-rūpamin an uncoordinated/incorrect form
asamaveta-rūpam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roota-samaveta+rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष; नञ्-पूर्वपद (not properly connected/consistent in form)
grāhayāmmade (him) recite / caused to grasp
grāhayām:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√grah (धातु)
Formणिच् (Causative) + लङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; (grāhayām āsa = periphrastic)
āsa(did)
āsa:
Kriya (क्रिया-सहायक)
TypeVerb
Rootās (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; सहायकक्रिया
B
Bharata Mahārāja
Ṛṣabhadeva

FAQs

This verse describes Bharata appearing inattentive even while being taught Vedic meters and the Gāyatrī (Sāvitrī) mantra, indicating his inward detachment and absorption beyond ordinary academic training.

Because formal Vedic training for a qualified prince includes learning the Sāvitrī (Gāyatrī) preceded by Oṁ and accompanied by the vyāhṛtis; the text notes that Ṛṣabhadeva arranged this instruction even though Bharata did not manifest conventional attentiveness.

It highlights that external performance may not reveal inner realization; steady devotion and sincerity matter more than display, and spiritual focus can coexist with ordinary duties while remaining detached within.