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Shloka 4

Mahārāja Sagara, Kapila Muni, and the Deliverance of the Sixty Thousand Sons

आज्ञायास्यै सपत्नीभिर्गरो दत्तोऽन्धसा सह । सह तेनैव सञ्जात: सगराख्यो महायशा: । सगरश्चक्रवर्त्यासीत् सागरो यत्सुतै: कृत: ॥ ४ ॥

ājñāyāsyai sapatnībhir garo datto ’ndhasā saha saha tenaiva sañjātaḥ sagarākhyo mahā-yaśāḥ sagaraś cakravarty āsīt sāgaro yat-sutaiḥ kṛtaḥ

เมื่อทราบว่านางตั้งครรภ์ เหล่ามเหสีร่วมได้สมคบคิดใส่ยาพิษลงในอาหาร แต่พิษนั้นกลับไม่ออกฤทธิ์ บุตรได้ประสูติพร้อมพิษ จึงมีนามเลื่องลือว่า “สคร” (สคระ) ต่อมาพระสครเป็นจักรพรรดิ และเหล่าพระโอรสได้ขุดแผ่นดินจนเป็นที่รู้จักว่า คงคาสาคร (Gaṅgāsāgara)

ājñāyahaving learned/knowing
ājñāya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootā-jñā (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive), from √ज्ञा with उपसर्ग आ-; ‘having known/after learning’
asyaito her
asyai:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन; pronoun ‘to her’
sapatnībhiḥby the co-wives
sapatnībhiḥ:
Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्ता/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsa-patnī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; ‘by co-wives’
garaḥpoison
garaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootgara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
dattaḥwas given
dattaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdā (धातु)
Formक्त (Past Passive Participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘given’
andhasāwith food (gruel)
andhasā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootandhasa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; ‘with food/gruel’
sahatogether with
saha:
Sahārtha (सहार्थ)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsaha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; सह-योगे (preposition/adverb) ‘together with’
sahaalong with
saha:
Sahārtha (सहार्थ)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsaha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; पुनरुक्ति emphatic ‘along with’
tenawith that
tena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; ‘by/with that’
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha/Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle) अव्यय; emphasis ‘indeed/just’
sañjātaḥwas born
sañjātaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-jan (धातु)
Formक्त (Past Passive Participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘born/produced’
sagara-ākhyaḥnamed Sagara
sagara-ākhyaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsagara + ākhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि ‘whose name is Sagara’
mahā-yaśāḥgreatly renowned
mahā-yaśāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā + yaśas (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘great-famed’ (yaśas-stem irregular nom. sg. yaśāḥ)
sagaraḥSagara
sagaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsagara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
cakravartīa universal emperor
cakravartī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootcakra-vartin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘universal monarch’
āsītwas
āsīt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; ‘was’
sāgaraḥthe ocean
sāgaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsāgara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
yat-sutaiḥby whose sons
yat-sutaiḥ:
Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्ता/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootyad + suta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; ‘by whose sons’
kṛtaḥwas made
kṛtaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु)
Formक्त (Past Passive Participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘made/created’
S
Sagara
S
Sagara’s co-wives (sapatnīs)

FAQs

This verse states that Sagara was born when his mother was secretly given the poison Gara by her co-wives—yet the poison itself became the cause of his birth and future fame.

The verse explains that the ocean came to be known as Sāgara because of King Sagara’s sons, whose actions led to the ocean being identified by his name.

It highlights how envy and harm intended by others can be overturned by providence, and encourages steadiness in adversity while avoiding jealousy and rivalry.