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Srimad Bhagavatam — Ekadasha Skandha, Shloka 14

Guṇa-vibhāga: The Three Modes and the Path Beyond Them

यदा जयेत्तम: सत्त्वं रज: सङ्गं भिदा चलम् । तदा दु:खेन युज्येत कर्मणा यशसा श्रिया ॥ १४ ॥

yadā jayet tamaḥ sattvaṁ rajaḥ saṅgaṁ bhidā calam tadā duḥkhena yujyeta karmaṇā yaśasā śriyā

เมื่อรชคุณซึ่งก่อให้เกิดความยึดติด ความแบ่งแยก และความเคลื่อนไหว เข้าครอบงำทั้งตมัสและสัตตวะ มนุษย์ย่อมตรากตรำทำกรรมเพื่อแสวงหาเกียรติยศและทรัพย์ศรี ในรชะเขาย่อมประสบความกังวลและการต่อสู้ดิ้นรน

यदाwhen
यदा:
सम्बन्ध/कालाधिकरण (Temporal relation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb/conjunction): 'when'
जयेत्should conquer/overcome
जयेत्:
क्रिया (Action)
TypeVerb
Rootजि (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (sg)
तमःdarkness; tamas
तमः:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Acc), एकवचन; कर्मपद (object)
सत्त्वम्sattva (goodness)
सत्त्वम्:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nom), एकवचन; कर्तृपद (subject)
रजःrajas (passion)
रजः:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootरजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Acc), एकवचन; कर्मपद
सङ्गम्attachment
सङ्गम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Acc), एकवचन; कर्मपद
भिदाby division; by differentiation
भिदा:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootभिद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instr), एकवचन; करण (instrument)
चलम्unsteady; fickle
चलम्:
कर्म (Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootचल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Acc), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifies रजः/सङ्गम्)
तदाthen
तदा:
सम्बन्ध/कालाधिकरण (Temporal relation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb): 'then'
दुःखेनwith suffering; by misery
दुःखेन:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instr), एकवचन; करण (instrument/means)
युज्येतwould be connected/engaged
युज्येत:
क्रिया (Action)
TypeVerb
Rootयुज् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; कर्मणि/भावे प्रयोगः (passive/impersonal sense): 'would be joined/associated'
कर्मणाby action; through work
कर्मणा:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instr), एकवचन; करण
यशसाby fame
यशसा:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootयशस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instr), एकवचन; करण
श्रियाby prosperity; by fortune
श्रिया:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootश्री (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instr), एकवचन; करण
K
Kṛṣṇa
U
Uddhava

FAQs

This verse teaches that when goodness (sattva) rises and conquers ignorance (tamas), while passion (rajas)—marked by attachment and divisive restlessness—is restrained, one naturally becomes situated in a more harmonious life with constructive action, good name, and prosperity.

In the Uddhava Gītā section, Kṛṣṇa instructs Uddhava on the workings of the three guṇas and how inner transformation affects one’s experience of life, preparing him for steady devotion and transcendence beyond material modes.

Reduce tamas (laziness, confusion) and calm rajas (overstimulation, craving) by cultivating sattva through clean habits, truthful speech, disciplined work, and devotional practices—leading to clearer judgment, better conduct, and more stable well-being.