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Srimad Bhagavatam — Ekadasha Skandha, Shloka 3

Varṇāśrama-dharma as a Path to Bhakti

Yuga-dharma Origins, Universal Virtues, Brahmacarya and Gṛhastha Duties

पुरा किल महाबाहो धर्मं परमकं प्रभो । यत्तेन हंसरूपेण ब्रह्मणेऽभ्यात्थ माधव ॥ ३ ॥ स इदानीं सुमहता कालेनामित्रकर्शन । न प्रायो भविता मर्त्यलोके प्रागनुशासित: ॥ ४ ॥

purā kila mahā-bāho dharmaṁ paramakaṁ prabho yat tena haṁsa-rūpeṇa brahmaṇe ’bhyāttha mādhava

อุทธวะทูลว่า โอ้พระผู้เป็นเจ้า ผู้ทรงพระกรอันเกรียงไกร ในกาลก่อนเมื่อทรงปรากฏเป็นพระหงส์ (หัมสะ) พระองค์ได้ตรัสแก่พระพรหมถึงธรรมอันสูงสุดซึ่งประทานสุขสูงสุดแก่ผู้ปฏิบัติ โอ้มาธวะ บัดนี้กาลเวลาล่วงเลยยิ่งนัก คำสอนที่พระองค์เคยประทานไว้จะเกือบสูญสิ้นไปจากโลกมนุษย์ โอ้ผู้ปราบศัตรู

purāformerly
purā:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpurā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; kāla-avyaya (temporal adverb)
kilaindeed/it is said
kila:
Sambandha-bodhaka (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkila (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; nipāta (emphatic/quotative particle)
mahā-bāhoO mighty-armed one
mahā-bāho:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + bāhu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Sambodhana (Vocative), Ekavacana; bahuvrīhi: ‘one whose arms are great’
dharmaṁdharma
dharmaṁ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative, 2nd), Ekavacana
paramakamsupreme
paramakam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootparamaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative), Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of dharmam
prabhoO Lord
prabho:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootprabhu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Sambodhana (Vocative), Ekavacana
yatwhich (that)
yat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṁsaka, Dvitīyā (Accusative, 2nd), Ekavacana; relative pronoun referring to dharmam
tenaby that/with that
tena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁ/Napuṁ, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental, 3rd), Ekavacana; refers to ‘you/that (form)’ contextually
haṁsa-rūpeṇain the form of a swan
haṁsa-rūpeṇa:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Roothaṁsa (प्रातिपदिक) + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṁsaka, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental, 3rd), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: ‘in the form of a swan’
brahmaṇeto Brahmā
brahmaṇe:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootbrahman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Caturthī vibhakti (Dative, 4th), Ekavacana
abhyātthayou spoke/taught
abhyāttha:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootabhi-√āh (धातु)
FormLuṅ-lakāra (Aorist), Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd), Ekavacana, Parasmaipada; ‘you spoke/told’
mādhavaO Mādhava
mādhava:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootmādhava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Sambodhana (Vocative), Ekavacana
saḥthat (dharma)/it
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative, 1st), Ekavacana
idānīmnow
idānīm:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootidānīm (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; kāla-avyaya (now)
su-mahatāby very great
su-mahatā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + mahat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁ/Napuṁ, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental, 3rd), Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of kālena; su = intensifier
kālenaby time
kālena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental, 3rd), Ekavacana
amitra-karśanaO subduer of enemies
amitra-karśana:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootamitra (प्रातिपदिक) + karśana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Sambodhana (Vocative), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: ‘crusher of enemies’
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; niṣedha (negation particle)
prāyaḥgenerally/for the most part
prāyaḥ:
Prakāra (प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprāyaḥ (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; frequency/likelihood adverb
bhavitāwill be/will occur
bhavitā:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (धातु)
FormLuṭ-lakāra (Periphrastic Future), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana, Parasmaipada
martya-lokein the mortal world
martya-loke:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmartya (प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Saptamī (Locative, 7th), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: ‘in the mortal world’
prākbefore/previously
prāk:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprāk (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; kāla-avyaya (formerly/before)
anuśāsitaḥinstructed/taught
anuśāsitaḥ:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootanu-√śās (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
FormKta-participle (past passive participle), Puṁliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative), Ekavacana; predicate to saḥ (dharmaḥ)
K
Krishna (Madhava)
B
Brahma
H
Hamsa (Swan form of the Lord)

FAQs

This verse recalls that Lord Mādhava taught Brahmā the supreme dharma while appearing in the form of a swan (Haṁsa), indicating a divine teaching incarnation focused on spiritual instruction.

Uddhava points to an ancient, authoritative source—Krishna’s own instruction to Brahmā—to request the same “supreme dharma” be explained again for the benefit of people now.

Seek dharma from authentic spiritual sources and prioritize transcendental duty—devotional and God-centered living—over merely social or temporary religious customs.