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Shloka 7

Brahmā’s Day, the Four Pralayas, and the Supreme Shelter Beyond Cause–Effect

पर्जन्य: शतवर्षाणि भूमौ राजन् न वर्षति । तदा निरन्ने ह्यन्योन्यं भक्ष्यमाणा: क्षुधार्दिता: । क्षयं यास्यन्ति शनकै: कालेनोपद्रुता: प्रजा: ॥ ७ ॥

parjanyaḥ śata-varṣāṇi bhūmau rājan na varṣati tadā niranne hy anyonyaṁ bhakṣyamāṇāḥ kṣudhārditāḥ kṣayaṁ yāsyanti śanakaiḥ kālenopadrutāḥ prajāḥ

ข้าแต่พระราชา ฝนจะไม่ตกบนแผ่นดินตลอดร้อยปี ครั้นไร้อาหารและถูกความหิวเผาไหม้ ผู้คนจะกินกันเอง และด้วยอำนาจแห่งกาลย่อมพินาศไปทีละน้อย

parjanyaḥrain-cloud / rain
parjanyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootparjanya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
śata-varṣāṇifor a hundred years
śata-varṣāṇi:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण; duration)
TypeNoun
Rootśata (प्रातिपदिक) + varṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; द्विगु-समास (śataṃ varṣāṇi) कालपरिमाणम्
bhūmauon the earth
bhūmau:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūmi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
rājanO king
rājan:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation particle)
varṣatirains
varṣati:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvṛṣ (वृष् धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक अव्यय (temporal adverb; then)
nirannewhen there is no food
niranne:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; condition)
TypeAdjective
Rootnir-anna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘अन्नाभावे’ (in the absence of food)
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle; indeed)
anyonyaṁone another
anyonyaṁ:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootanyonya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; परस्पर (each other)
bhakṣyamāṇāḥbeing devoured
bhakṣyamāṇāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता; subject ‘prajāḥ’ with participle)
TypeVerb
Rootbhakṣ (भक्ष् धातु)
Formशानच्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; कर्मणि (being eaten/devoured)
kṣudh-ārditāḥafflicted by hunger
kṣudh-ārditāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṣudh (प्रातिपदिक) + ārdita (कृदन्त; अर्द् धातु, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; तृतीया/षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषार्थ (kṣudhā ārditāḥ = afflicted by hunger)
kṣayamdestruction, ruin
kṣayam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
yāsyantiwill go/come to
yāsyanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootyā (या धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
śanakaiḥgradually
śanakaiḥ:
Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootśanaka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाववत् क्रियाविशेषण-प्रयोगः; तृतीया-बहुवचनरूपेण अव्ययार्थ (adverbial: slowly, gradually)
kālenaby time
kālena:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument; by time)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
upadrutāḥharassed, afflicted
upadrutāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootupa-drutā (कृदन्त; द्रु/द्रव् धातु, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; ‘उपद्रवेन पीडिताः’
prajāḥpeople, subjects
prajāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootprajā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
P
Parīkṣit Mahārāja

FAQs

In Canto 12, Chapter 4, Śukadeva describes that prolonged lack of rain will lead to severe food scarcity, hunger, and societal breakdown, with people gradually perishing under the pressure of time and calamity.

Parīkṣit Mahārāja asked about the nature and effects of Kali-yuga; Śukadeva replies by outlining its symptoms—such as drought and famine—to warn and instruct the king about the age’s degeneration and the urgency of spiritual shelter.

The verse urges sobriety about material dependence and social instability, encouraging one to strengthen dharma, compassion, and spiritual practice—especially bhakti—rather than relying solely on fragile external conditions.