Shloka 2

Balarāma Humbles the Kurus and Rescues Sāmba

Devanagari script

कौरवा: कुपिता ऊचुर्दुर्विनीतोऽयमर्भक: । कदर्थीकृत्य न: कन्यामकामामहरद् बलात् ॥ २ ॥

Transliteration

kauravāḥ kupitā ūcur durvinīto ’yam arbhakaḥ kadarthī-kṛtya naḥ kanyām akāmām aharad balāt

Translation

เหล่ากุรุผู้โกรธกล่าวว่า “เด็กคนนี้ช่างไร้มารยาท เขาดูหมิ่นเราและฉุดธิดาของเรา ผู้ไม่สมัครใจ ไปด้วยกำลัง”

Synonyms

• कौरवाः: the Kauravas
• कौरवाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौरव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• कुपिताः: angered
• कुपिताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कुपित (प्रातिपदिक; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त from कुप्)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• ऊचुः: said
• ऊचुः: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• दुर्विनीतः: ill-mannered
• दुर्विनीतः: Viśeṣaṇa of Karta (कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर् + विनीत (प्रातिपदिक; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त from नी with वि)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः: दुष्टं विनीतः/दुर्विनीतः (ill-disciplined)

• अयम्: this (one)
• अयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अर्भकः: boy, youngster
• अर्भकः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्भक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• कदर्थी-कृत्य: having dishonored
• कदर्थी-कृत्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कदर्थी-√कृ (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), पूर्वकाल; causative sense implied by कदर्थीकरण (to dishonor)

• नः: of us/our
• नः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), बहुवचन; enclitic pronoun

• कन्याम्: the maiden/daughter
• कन्याम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कन्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अकामाम्: unwilling
• अकामाम्: Viśeṣaṇa of Karma (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + कामा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; नञ्-प्रत्यय (negation): not willing

• अहरत्: carried off
• अहरत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हृ (धातु) + अ (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• बलात्: by force
• बलात्: Hetu/Prakāra (हेतु/प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: बल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb): from force/forcibly

Characters & Entities

• Kauravas
• Sāmba

FAQs

What does the Srimad Bhagavatam say about Sāmba abducting the Kauravas’ daughter?

In Canto 10, Chapter 68, the Kauravas complain that Sāmba, described by them as an ill-behaved youth, humiliated them and forcibly took their maiden daughter though she was unwilling.

Why did the Kauravas speak this verse and whom were they accusing?

They spoke in anger to condemn Sāmba, blaming him for insulting them and seizing their daughter by force, which they saw as an outrage against their honor.

Practical application: what lesson does this shloka give for modern life?

It highlights how uncontrolled pride and impulsive actions can provoke conflict and social rupture; dignity, consent, and disciplined conduct prevent harm and escalation.