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Shloka 12

Govardhana-pūjā: Kṛṣṇa Redirects Indra-yajña to Worship of Govardhana, Cows, and Brāhmaṇas

श्रीशुक उवाच वचो निशम्य नन्दस्य तथान्येषां व्रजौकसाम् । इन्द्राय मन्युं जनयन् पितरं प्राह केशव: ॥ १२ ॥

śrī-śuka uvāca vaco niśamya nandasya tathānyeṣāṁ vrajaukasām indrāya manyuṁ janayan pitaraṁ prāha keśavaḥ

ศรีศุกเทวะกล่าวว่า: เมื่อพระเกศวะ (พระกฤษณะ) ได้ฟังถ้อยคำของนันทาและผู้อาวุโสชาววรชะทั้งหลายแล้ว ด้วยประสงค์จะปลุกเร้าความพิโรธในพระอินทร์ พระองค์จึงตรัสกับพระบิดาดังนี้

श्री-शुकःŚrī Śuka
श्री-शुकः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशुक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—श्री + शुक (विशेषण-विशेष्यभावः)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
वचःspeech/words
वचः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
निशम्यhaving heard
निशम्य:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootनि + शम् (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-क्रियाविशेषण (gerund/absolutive); उपसर्गः—नि
नन्दस्यof Nanda
नन्दस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootनन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
तथाthus/and likewise
तथा:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारार्थक (adverb: 'thus/so')
अन्येषाम्of others
अन्येषाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
व्रज-ओकसाम्of the inhabitants of Vraja
व्रज-ओकसाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रज + ओकस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (व्रजस्य ओकसः = dwellers of Vraja)
इन्द्रायto/for Indra
इन्द्राय:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative), एकवचन
मन्युम्anger
मन्युम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमन्यु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
जनयन्generating/causing
जनयन्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान-कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; परस्मैपदी; विशेषणम् केशवः
पितरम्(his) father
पितरम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
प्राहsaid/spoke
प्राह:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + अह्/अह (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्; उपसर्गः—प्र
केशवःKeśava (Krishna)
केशवः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकेशव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī explains that Lord Kṛṣṇa’s intention was not simply to insult a demigod, but rather to knock down the great mountain of false pride that had arisen within the Lord’s tiny servant, who was supposed to represent the Lord as Indra. By lifting Govardhana Hill Lord Kṛṣṇa would thus initiate a blissful annual festival called Govardhana-pūjā, and He would further enjoy the pleasant pastime of dwelling for several days beneath the hill with all His loving devotees.

Ś
Śukadeva Gosvāmī
N
Nanda Mahārāja
V
Vraja-vāsīs
I
Indra
K
Keśava (Śrī Kṛṣṇa)

FAQs

This verse sets the stage: Kṛṣṇa intentionally prepares the Vraja community to challenge Indra’s assumed supremacy, leading to the lesson that pride—even in a powerful deva—must be corrected by devotion to the Supreme.

Kṛṣṇa aimed to redirect the Vraja-vāsīs from dependence on Indra-worship toward pure, direct devotion and dharmic gratitude to Govardhana and their actual livelihood—thereby exposing and curing Indra’s arrogance.

It teaches to place primary reliance on the Supreme Lord and righteous duty rather than fear-based appeasement of worldly powers—acting with clarity, gratitude, and devotion instead of anxiety.