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Shloka 38

Kāliya-damana: Kṛṣṇa Subdues the Serpent and Purifies the Yamunā

तदेष नाथाप दुरापमन्यै- स्तमोजनि: क्रोधवशोऽप्यहीश: । संसारचक्रे भ्रमत: शरीरिणो यदिच्छत: स्याद् विभव: समक्ष: ॥ ३८ ॥

tad eṣa nāthāpa durāpam anyais tamo-janiḥ krodha-vaśo ’py ahīśaḥ saṁsāra-cakre bhramataḥ śarīriṇo yad-icchataḥ syād vibhavaḥ samakṣaḥ

ข้าแต่พระนาถ แม้กาลิยะ ราชาแห่งนาค จะเกิดในคุณแห่งความมืดและถูกความโกรธครอบงำ เขาก็ยังได้บรรลุสิ่งที่ผู้อื่นยากจะได้มา เหล่าสัตว์ผู้มีร่างกายซึ่งเต็มไปด้วยความปรารถนา ย่อมเวียนว่ายในจักรแห่งสังสาร; แต่เพียงได้รับฝุ่นธุลีพระบาทดอกบัวของพระองค์ บรรดาพรทั้งปวงก็อาจปรากฏต่อหน้าต่อตาได้

tatthat/this
tat:
Karta (कर्ता/subject—anticipatory ‘this’)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; demonstrative pronoun
eṣaḥthis (one)
eṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga (पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; deictic pronoun
nāthaO Lord
nātha:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/vocative)
TypeNoun
Rootnātha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Sambodhana (8th/सम्बोधन), Ekavacana
apaindeed/oh
apa:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapa (अव्यय)
FormSambodhana-nipāta (सम्बोधन-निपात), vocative particle
durāpamdifficult to obtain
durāpam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootdur- (उपसर्ग) + āpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; used predicatively with implied ‘(etat)’
anyaiḥby others
anyaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/agent-instrument ‘by others’)
TypeNoun
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā (3rd/तृतीया), Bahuvacana
tamo-janiḥone born of darkness
tamo-janiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottamas (प्रातिपदिक) + jani (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: tamasaḥ janiḥ (born of darkness)
krodha-vaśaḥcontrolled by anger
krodha-vaśaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkrodha (प्रातिपदिक) + vaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: krodhasya vaśaḥ (under anger’s control)
apieven/also
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormAvadhāraṇa/saṅgraha-avyaya (अपि), particle ‘even/also’
ahīśaḥthe lord of serpents
ahīśaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootahi (प्रातिपदिक) + īśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: ahīnām īśaḥ (lord of serpents)
saṁsāra-cakrein the wheel of worldly existence
saṁsāra-cakre:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/locative)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṁsāra (प्रातिपदिक) + cakra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Saptamī (7th/सप्तमी), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: saṁsārasya cakre
bhramataḥof the wandering (one)
bhramataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Root√bhram (धातु) + śatṛ (कृदन्त)
FormŚatṛ-present participle (शतृ), Puṁliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th/षष्ठी), Ekavacana; agreeing with śarīriṇaḥ
śarīriṇaḥof the embodied being
śarīriṇaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootśarīrin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana
yat-icchataḥof whom (He) wills / at whose desire
yat-icchataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootyat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + √iṣ (धातु) + śatṛ (कृदन्त)
FormŚatṛ-present participle (शतृ) from √iṣ ‘to desire’, Puṁliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: yat (yasya) icchataḥ = ‘of whom desiring/at whose will’
syātwould be
syāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√as (धातु)
FormLiṅ-lakāra (लिङ्/Optative), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
vibhavaḥprosperity/power
vibhavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject of syāt)
TypeNoun
Rootvibhava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana
samakṣaḥdirectly present / before one’s eyes
samakṣaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootsamakṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; predicate adjective with vibhavaḥ

It is very rare for a conditioned soul to free himself from the contamination of illusion and thus become established in perfect consciousness of the Absolute Truth. And yet this benediction was achieved by the serpent Kāliya because the Lord personally danced upon the serpent’s hoods with His lotus feet. Although we conditioned souls may not receive the mercy of having the Lord dance on our head, we can receive the dust of the lotus feet of the Absolute through the Lord’s representative, the bona fide spiritual master, and thus go back home, back to Godhead, forever freed from the misery and ignorance of the mundane universe.

K
Krishna
K
Kaliya

FAQs

This verse teaches that even Kāliya—angry and “born of darkness”—received rare fortune because Kṛṣṇa’s mercy can become directly manifest to any embodied soul who genuinely turns toward Him.

They pleaded for Kāliya’s protection and acknowledged that his contact with Kṛṣṇa was an extraordinary blessing, highlighting Kṛṣṇa’s compassion even toward the undeserving.

Instead of despairing over past faults, cultivate sincere desire for Kṛṣṇa through prayer, humility, and devotion—trusting that grace can appear even in difficult circumstances.