Sutra 2

Devanagari script

पितृपैतामहं सम्बन्धानुबद्धं शिक्षितमनुरक्तं कृतकर्माणं च जनमासन्नं कुर्वीत नान्यतोदेशीयमकृतार्थमानं स्वदेशीयं वाप्यपकृत्योपगृहीतम् ॥ कZ_०१.२१.०२ ॥

Transliteration

pitṛpaitāmahaṃ sambandhānubaddhaṃ śikṣitamanuraktaṃ kṛtakarmāṇaṃ ca janamāsannaṃ kurvīta nānyatodeśīyamakṛtārthamānaṃ svadeśīyaṃ vāpyapakṛtyopagṛhītam

Translation

เขาควรให้คนที่ผูกพันด้วยสายสัมพันธ์ทางตระกูล/สืบสาย บ่มเพาะฝึกฝนมา ซื่อสัตย์ภักดี และพิสูจน์ตนด้วยการรับใช้ อยู่ใกล้ตัว—ไม่ใช่คนนอกที่มุ่งหาผลประโยชน์ และไม่ใช่แม้แต่คนท้องถิ่นที่ถูกดึงมาเข้าพวกหลังจากทำความผิดแล้ว।

Word by Word

• पितृपैतामहम्: (connected with) father and grandfather (i.e., hereditary/ancestral)
• Type: Noun (adjectival)
• Root: पितृ/पैतामह
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (सम्बन्धानुबद्धम् इत्यस्य)

• सम्बन्धानुबद्धम्: bound/attached by relationship (ties)
• Type: Participle (adjectival)
• Root: अनुबन्ध (√बन्ध्)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे एकवचनम्; कर्मधारयवत् विशेषणम्; ‘सम्बन्धेन अनुबद्धम्’

• शिक्षितम्: trained, educated
• Type: Past passive participle (adjectival)
• Root: √शिक्ष्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (जनम्)

• अनुरक्तम्: attached, loyal, devoted
• Type: Past passive participle (adjectival)
• Root: अनु√रञ्ज्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (जनम्)

• कृतकर्माणम्: one who has performed (his) work; proven by action
• Type: Noun (adjectival)
• Root: कृतकर्मन् (√कृ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे एकवचनम् द्वितीया; विशेषणम् (जनम्)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्ययम्

• जनम्: a person/people (personnel)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे एकवचनम् द्वितीया; कर्म (कुर्वीत)

• आसन्नम्: near, close at hand
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आसन्न
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे एकवचनम् द्वितीया; विशेषणम् (जनम्)

• कुर्वीत: should make/should keep (near)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative) परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः एकवचनम्; विध्यर्थः—‘should make/should keep’

• न: not
• Type: Negation
• Root: न
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्ययम्

• अन्यतःदेशीयम्: one belonging to another country/region
• Type: Noun (adjectival)
• Root: अन्यतः + देशीय
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे एकवचनम् द्वितीया; विशेषणम् (जनम्—अनुवृत्तिः)

• अकृतार्थमानम्: one whose aims are unfulfilled; dissatisfied
• Type: Noun (adjectival)
• Root: अकृतार्थ + मान
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे एकवचनम् द्वितीया; विशेषणम् (जनम्—अनुवृत्तिः)

• स्वदेशीयम्: one belonging to one’s own country (native)
• Type: Noun (adjectival)
• Root: स्वदेशीय
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे एकवचनम् द्वितीया; विशेषणम् (जनम्—अनुवृत्तिः)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्ययम्

• अपकृत्य: having harmed; after wrongdoing
• Type: Gerund (absolutive)
• Root: अप√कृ
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्ययम्; पूर्वक्रिया—‘having harmed/after doing wrong’

• उपगृहीतम्: taken in, accepted, received (back)
• Type: Past passive participle (adjectival)
• Root: उप√ग्रह्
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे एकवचनम् द्वितीया; विशेषणम् (जनम्—अनुवृत्तिः)

Entities Mentioned

• trusted hereditary retainers
• outsiders
• co-opted offenders

More Details

FAQs

What is the key staffing principle in this verse?

Proximity to the ruler should be limited to trained and proven loyalists; opportunistic outsiders and compromised insiders are treated as high risk.