Sutra 2
Devanagari script
ये जनपदे शूरास्त्यक्तात्मानो हस्तिनं व्यालं वा द्रव्यहेतोः प्रतियोधयेयुस्ते तीक्ष्णाः ॥ कZ_०१.१२.०२ ॥
Transliteration
ye janapade śūrās tyaktātmāno hastinaṃ vyālaṃ vā dravyahetoḥ pratiyodhayeyus te tīkṣṇāḥ
Translation
ผู้คนในชนบทที่กล้าหาญ บ้าบิ่นไม่หวงชีวิต และเพื่อเงินจะต่อสู้กับช้างหรือสัตว์ร้าย—คนเช่นนั้นเรียกว่า ‘ตีกษณะ’ (tīkṣṇa: ผู้ปฏิบัติการแข็งกร้าว/เฉียบคม).
Word by Word
येthose who
ये:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formsarvanāma; prathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga (janapadāḥ iti viśeṣya-anusāra)
जनपदेin the countryside/territory (of the realm)
जनपदे:
TypeNoun
Rootजनपद
Formsaptamī-vibhakti; ekavacana; pumliṅga/napuṃsakaliṅga (usage varies); adhikaraṇa (locative)
शूराःbrave men/valiant persons
शूराः:
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootशूर
Formprathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga; kartṛ (subject)
त्यक्तात्मानःself-abandoning; reckless (risking their own lives)
त्यक्तात्मानः:
TypeAdjective (participial)
Rootत्यज् (kta) + आत्मन्
Formprathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga; kta-participle used adjectivally; viśeṣaṇa of śūrāḥ
हस्तिनम्an elephant
हस्तिनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootहस्तिन्
Formdvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; pumliṅga; karma (object)
व्यालम्a wild beast
व्यालम्:
TypeNoun
Rootव्याल
Formdvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; pumliṅga; karma (object)
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formavyaya; vikalpa (disjunction)
द्रव्यहेतोःfor the sake of wealth; out of greed for money
द्रव्यहेतोः:
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootद्रव्य + हेतु
Formpañcamī-vibhakti; ekavacana; pumliṅga (hetu); hetu/nimitta (cause/motive)
प्रतियोधयेयुःwould/should fight against; would engage in combat with
प्रतियोधयेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध् (prati + yudh)
Formliṅ (vidhi-liṅ/potential); parasmaipada; prathama-puruṣa; bahuvacana; ātmane/karmaṇi nuance not intended—active: 'should fight'
तेthey; those (persons)
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formprathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga; anuvāda (resumptive: 'those')
तीक्ष्णाः(they are) ruthless/harsh men; 'sharp' operatives
तीक्ष्णाः:
TypeNoun/Adjective (technical class)
Rootतीक्ष्ण
Formprathamā-vibhakti; bahuvacana; pumliṅga; predicate nominative; viśeṣaṇa used substantively
Entities Mentioned
T
tīkṣṇa (hard operative)J
janapada (countryside)FAQs
To match task to temperament: high-risk coercive missions require operatives with extreme risk tolerance and readiness for violence.