Sutra 31
Devanagari script
हिरण्यभोगं भूमिभोगं वा मित्रमिति हिरण्यभोगं गतिमत्त्वात्सर्वव्ययप्रतीकारकरमित्याचार्याः ॥ कZ_०७.९.३१ ॥
Transliteration
hiraṇyabhogaṃ bhūmibhogaṃ vā mitram iti hiraṇyabhogaṃ gatimattvāt sarvavyaya-pratīkārakaram ity ācāryāḥ
Translation
‘พันธมิตรควรเป็นผู้ให้ประโยชน์เป็นเงินหรือเป็นที่ดิน?’—อาจารย์ทั้งหลายกล่าวว่า: ผู้ให้ประโยชน์เป็นเงิน เพราะเงินคล่องตัว/นำไปใช้ได้รวดเร็ว และสามารถรองรับรายจ่ายได้ทุกประเภท
Word by Word
हिरण्यभोगम्money-based benefit/advantage (profit in cash)
हिरण्यभोगम्:
TypeNoun
Rootहिरण्य + भोग
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया (भोगम्); समासः—हिरण्यस्य भोगः
भूमिभोगम्land-based benefit/advantage (profit in land/territory)
भूमिभोगम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि + भोग
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; समासः—भूमेः भोगः
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय (or)
मित्रम्ally; friend (political ally)
मित्रम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा (इति-पूर्वकं परिभाषितम्)
इतिthus; as (so called)
इति:
TypeParticle
Rootइति
Formउद्धरण/परामर्शार्थक अव्यय
हिरण्यभोगम्the money-based benefit (in particular)
हिरण्यभोगम्:
TypeNoun
Rootहिरण्य + भोग
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; पूर्वोक्तस्य पुनरुक्तिः (विशेषण-व्याख्यायाम्)
गतिमत्त्वात्because it has mobility/transferability
गतिमत्त्वात्:
TypeNoun (abstract)
Rootगति + मत्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, पञ्चमी (हेतौ) — ‘गतिमत्त्व’ (गति-सम्पन्नता) + आत्
सर्वव्ययप्रतीकारकरम्that which can remedy/meet all expenditures
सर्वव्ययप्रतीकारकरम्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootसर्व + व्यय + प्रतीकार + कर
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; समासार्थः—‘यत् सर्वेषां व्ययानां प्रतीकारं करोति तत्’
इतिthus
इति:
TypeParticle
Rootइति
Formउद्धरणसमाप्त्यर्थक अव्यय
आचार्याःthe teachers/authorities (say)
आचार्याः:
TypeNoun
Rootआचार्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, प्रथमा
Entities Mentioned
Ā
ācāryāḥ (teachers/authorities)M
mitra (ally)H
hiraṇya (cash)B
bhūmi (land)FAQs
It indicates liquidity and rapid redeployability: cash can be allocated instantly across departments (army, diplomacy, relief), whereas land-benefit may be slow to monetize or utilize.