Sutra 31

Devanagari script

भयमवृत्तिरमर्ष इति कौटिल्यः ॥ कZ_०७.६.३१ ॥

Transliteration

bhayam avṛttir amarṣa iti kauṭilyaḥ

Translation

เกาฏิลยะกล่าวว่า เหตุที่ชี้ขาดคือ—ความกลัว, การขาดปัจจัยเลี้ยงชีพ/อาชีพ, และความขุ่นเคือง (โกรธ/ไม่พอใจ).

Word by Word

• भयम्: fear
• Type: Noun
• Root: भय
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (सन्दर्भे—प्रथमा एकवचन)

• अवृत्तिः: lack of livelihood; loss of means of subsistence
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत्तिः (√वृत्)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; नञ्-पूर्वक (अ-वृत्तिः)

• अमर्षः: resentment; indignation
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्ष (√मृष्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; नञ्-पूर्वक (अ-मर्षः)

• इति: thus; so (marking the quoted statement)
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति
• Form: निपात/उद्धरण-समाप्तिसूचक अव्यय

• कौटिल्यः: Kauṭilya
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: कौटिल्य
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; कर्तृ-निर्देशः (authorial attribution)

Entities Mentioned

• Kauṭilya

More Details

FAQs

How does Kauṭilya simplify the abandonment criteria compared to the teachers?

He reduces them to three practical drivers: threat (fear), inability to sustain oneself (avṛtti), and accumulated grievance (amarṣa).