Sutra 4

Devanagari script

नियोगविकल्पसमुच्चयैश्चोपायानामनन्तरैकान्तराः प्रकृतीः साधयेत् ॥ कZ_०७.१६.०४ ॥

Transliteration

niyogavikalpasamuccayaiś copāyānām anantaraikāntarāḥ prakṛtīḥ sādhayet

Translation

โดยการสั่งการ การสลับใช้ และการผสานมาตรการ (อุปายะ) เขาควรทำให้องค์ประกอบของรัฐ (ปรกฤติ) มั่นคง/ปลอดภัย ทั้งแบบต่อเนื่องทันทีหรือเว้นช่วง ตามความเหมาะสม

Word by Word

• नियोग: assignment; appointment; command
• Type: Noun
• Root: नि + युज् (युजिर् योगे)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया/तृतीया/चतुर्थी/पञ्चमी/षष्ठी/सप्तमी एकवचन (प्रातिपदिक: नियोग) — here as first member in compound

• विकल्प: alternative; option
• Type: Noun
• Root: वि + कल्प् (कल्पॢँ वृत्तौ/कल्पने)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रातिपदिक: विकल्प — here as member of compound

• समुच्चयैः: by combinations; by cumulative use
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम् + उच्/उच्चि (समुच्चय as noun from सम्+उच् ‘to gather’)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया बहुवचन (instrumental plural)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

• उपायानाम्: of the measures/means
• Type: Noun
• Root: उप + इ (इण् गतौ) → उपाय (means)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी बहुवचन (genitive plural)

• अनन्तर: immediate; successive
• Type: Adjective (used in compound)
• Root: अनन्तर (न + अन्तर)
• Form: प्रातिपदिक; ‘immediate/without interval’ — here as first member in compound

• एकान्तराः: alternating; with one interval (every other)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक + अन्तर
• Form: बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय-समासान्त विशेषण-प्रयोग; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘having one interval/with one gap’

• प्रकृतीः: the constituents (of the state)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र + कृ (डुकृञ् करणे) → प्रकृति
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया बहुवचन (accusative plural)

• साधयेत्: should accomplish; should bring about
• Type: Verb
• Root: साध् (साधँ संसिद्धौ)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन

Entities Mentioned

• prakṛtis (state elements)

More Details

FAQs

What are 'prakṛtis' in Arthashastra governance logic?

Core state constituents (e.g., ruler, ministers, territory/people, fort, treasury, army, ally) whose stability determines state power.

What does this sutra teach about implementation?

Use instruments flexibly—sometimes sequentially, sometimes alternately, sometimes in combination—based on situational feedback.