Sutra 1
Devanagari script
संहत्यारिविजिगीष्वोरमित्रयोः पराभियोगिनोः पार्ष्णिं गृह्णतोर्यः शक्तिसम्पन्नस्य पार्ष्णिं गृह्णाति सोऽतिसंधत्ते ॥ कZ_०७.१३.०१ ॥
Transliteration
saṃhatyārivijigīṣvor amitrayoḥ parābhiyoginoḥ pārṣṇiṃ gṛhṇator yaḥ śaktisampannasya pārṣṇiṃ gṛhṇāti so’tisaṃdhatte
Translation
เมื่อกษัตริย์ศัตรูสององค์ร่วมมือกันบุกโจมตี และทั้งสองต่างพยายามยึด ‘ส้นเท้า’ (แนวหลัง/ด้านท้าย) ของผู้ที่กำลังเคลื่อนทัพ ผู้ใดไปยึดแนวหลังของฝ่ายที่มีกำลังเหนือกว่า ผู้นั้นเรียกว่า ‘อติสันธิ’ (เอื้อมเกินตัว/ทำเกินกำลัง)
Word by Word
संहत्यhaving united; acting in concert
संहत्य:
TypeGerund
Rootहन् (√हन्) / सं-√हन् (भावे क्त्वा)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund); उपसर्ग: सम्-; अर्थ: ‘एकत्र कृत्वा/संयुक्त्वा’
अरि-विजिगीष्वोःof the enemy and the would-be conqueror
अरि-विजिगीष्वोः:
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootअरि (noun) + विजिगीषु (desiderative adj. from √जि)
Formषष्ठी-द्विवचन; पुंलिङ्ग; ‘अरिविजिगीषु’ = ‘अरिं जिगीषुः’ (शत्रुं जेतुमिच्छन्)
अमित्रयोःof the two enemies
अमित्रयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र
Formषष्ठी-द्विवचन; पुंलिङ्ग
पर-अभियोगिनोःof the two aggressors/attackers
पर-अभियोगिनोः:
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootअभि-√युज् (अभियोगिन्) with पर-
Formषष्ठी-द्विवचन; पुंलिङ्ग; ‘पराभियोगिन्’ = ‘परम् अभियोक्तुम्/अभियोजयितुम् प्रवृत्तः’ (आक्रामकः)
पार्ष्णिम्the heel; the rear (of the opponent)
पार्ष्णिम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्ष्णि
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन; स्त्रीलिङ्ग (अर्थे: ‘पश्चात्-भागः/पृष्ठभागः’)
गृह्णतोःof the two who are seizing (the rear)
गृह्णतोः:
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√ग्रह्
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/शानच्-प्रायः); षष्ठी-द्विवचन; ‘(तयोः) गृह्णतोः’ = ‘(those) two who are seizing’
यःwho (he who)
यः:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formप्रथमा-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग
शक्ति-सम्पन्नस्यof one who is endowed with power
शक्ति-सम्पन्नस्य:
TypeNoun/Adjective (compound)
Rootशक्ति + सम्पन्न (ppp from सम्-√पद्)
Formषष्ठी-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग; ‘शक्तिसम्पन्न’ = ‘शक्त्या सम्पन्नः’
पार्ष्णिम्the rear (heel)
पार्ष्णिम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्ष्णि
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन; स्त्रीलिङ्ग
गृह्णातिseizes; takes (hold of)
गृह्णाति:
TypeVerb
Root√ग्रह्
Formलट्; परस्मैपद; प्रथम-पुरुष; एकवचन
सःhe
सः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formप्रथमा-एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग
अति-संधत्तेoverreaches; goes too far; makes an excessive/unsound combination
अति-संधत्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-√धा (संधत्ते) with अति-
Formलट्; आत्मनेपद; प्रथम-पुरुष; एकवचन; उपसर्ग: अति- + सम्-
Entities Mentioned
A
ari (enemy)V
vijigīṣu (conqueror)A
amitra (hostile king)P
pārṣṇigrāha (rear-attacker, implied)FAQs
Do not provoke the stronger belligerent by attacking its rear; that choice is labeled ‘overreach’ because it invites disproportionate retaliation.
A power that threatens or attacks the marching king from behind—by raids, cutting supplies, or striking the base and communications.