Sutra 21

Devanagari script

तस्यां चातुर्वर्ण्यनिवेशे सर्वभोगसहत्वादवरवर्णप्राया श्रेयसी बाहुल्याद्ध्रुवत्वाच्च कृष्याः कर्षकवती कृष्याश्चान्येषां चारम्भाणां प्रयोजकत्वात् गोरक्षकवती पण्यनिचयर्णानुग्रहादाढ्यवणिग्वती ॥ कZ_०७.११.२१ ॥

Transliteration

tasyāṃ cāturvarṇya-niveśe sarva-bhoga-sahatvād avara-varṇa-prāyā śreyasī bāhulyād dhruvatvāc ca kṛṣyāḥ karṣaka-vatī kṛṣyāś ca anyeṣāṃ ca ārambhāṇāṃ prayojakatvāt go-rakṣaka-vatī paṇya-nicaya-ṛṇa-anugrahād āḍhya-vaṇig-vatī

Translation

ในนิคมที่จัดตั้งตามสี่วรรณะเช่นนั้น แผ่นดินจะดีกว่าเมื่อมีคนวรรณะล่างเป็นส่วนมาก เพราะสามารถรับภาระการเก็บส่วย/ภาษีของรัฐได้ทุกรูปแบบ และเพราะเกษตรกรรมมีมากและมั่นคง จึงควรมีชาวนาเป็นจำนวนมาก อีกทั้งเกษตรกรรมเป็นแรงขับให้กิจการอื่น ๆ ด้วย จึงควรมีผู้เลี้ยงโค/ผู้เลี้ยงสัตว์ด้วย และเพราะการสะสมสินค้าและการขยายสินเชื่อเกื้อหนุนเศรษฐกิจ จึงควรมีพ่อค้าที่มั่งคั่งด้วย.

Word by Word

• तस्याम्: in that (settlement/colony)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे सप्तमी एकवचनम् (सर्वनाम)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्ययम्

• चातुर्वर्ण्यनिवेशे: in the settlement organized by the four varṇas
• Type: Noun
• Root: निवेश
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे सप्तमी एकवचनम्; चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य निवेशः = चातुर्वर्ण्य-निवेशः

• सर्वभोगसहत्वात्: because of (their) capacity to share/undergo all enjoyments (i.e., all kinds of work/conditions)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहत्व
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे पञ्चमी एकवचनम्; सर्वभोगानां सहत्वम् (सहनशीलता/सह-भोग-क्षमता)

• अवरवर्णप्रायाः: mostly of the lower varṇas
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्राय
• Form: बहुवचनम् प्रथमा; (अवरवर्णः) प्रायः येषाम् = अवरवर्ण-प्रायाः

• श्रेयसी: is preferable/better
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रेयस्
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; (निवेशः/भूमिः/व्यवस्था) इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• बाहुल्यात्: because of abundance/numerical preponderance
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहुल्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे पञ्चमी एकवचनम्

• ध्रुवत्वात्: because of stability/fixedness
• Type: Noun
• Root: ध्रुवत्व
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे पञ्चमी एकवचनम्

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्ययम्

• कृष्याः: of agriculture
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृषि
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे षष्ठी एकवचनम् (कृषेः/कृष्याः)

• कर्षकवती: having cultivators (i.e., well supplied with farmers)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कर्षकवत्
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; -वत् प्रत्ययान्त विशेषणम्

• कृष्याः: of agriculture
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृषि
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे षष्ठी एकवचनम्

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्ययम्

• अन्येषाम्: of other (activities/undertakings)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक (सामान्य) षष्ठी बहुवचनम्

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्ययम्

• आरम्भाणाम्: of undertakings/enterprises
• Type: Noun
• Root: आरम्भ
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी बहुवचनम्

• प्रयोजकत्वात्: because of being the instigator/cause (that sets them in motion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रयोजकत्व
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे पञ्चमी एकवचनम्

• गोरक्षकवती: having cowherds/cattle-protectors
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गोरक्षकवत्
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; गो-रक्षक-वत्

• पण्यनिचयर्णानुग्रहात्: because of support through goods, stockpiles, and credit facilities
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुग्रह
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे पञ्चमी एकवचनम्; पण्य-निचय-ऋण-अनुग्रहः (समासः)

• आढ्यवणिग्वती: having wealthy merchants
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आढ्यवणिग्वत्
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; आढ्यः वणिक् यस्याः सा

Entities Mentioned

• cultivators (karṣaka)
• cattle-herders (go-rakṣaka)
• wealthy merchants (āḍhya vaṇij)
• four-varṇa settlement (cāturvarṇya)

More Details

FAQs

What is the administrative logic behind preferring ‘lower-order majority’?

They provide the bulk of labor and are more ‘tax/dues-bearing’ in routine governance, increasing predictable extraction and manpower availability.

Why are merchants and credit emphasized alongside agriculture?

Because storage, distribution, and lending stabilize prices, fund production, and keep state supply and revenue flows resilient.