Sutra 32
Devanagari script
नदीदुर्गं हि हस्तिस्तम्भसंक्रमसेतुबन्धनौभिः साध्यमनित्यगाम्भीर्यमवस्राव्युदकं च ॥ कZ_०७.१०.३२ ॥
Transliteration
nadīdurgaṃ hi hastistambhasaṃkramasetubandhanaubhiḥ sādhyam anityagāmbhīryam avasrāvy udakaṃ ca
Translation
ป้อมแม่น้ำสามารถยึดได้ด้วยเสา/หลักช้าง จุดข้ามน้ำ การสร้างสะพาน และเรือ; ความลึกของแม่น้ำไม่คงที่ และน้ำสามารถผันทางหรือระบายออกให้ลดลงได้
Word by Word
नदीदुर्गम्a river-fort
नदीदुर्गम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनदी + दुर्ग
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (कर्मपद)
हिindeed / for
हि:
TypeParticle
Rootहि
Formनिपात (हेतौ/खलु-अर्थे)
हस्ति-स्तम्भ-संक्रम-सेतु-बन्धन-नौभिःby means of elephant-piles, crossings, bridges, fastenings, and boats
हस्ति-स्तम्भ-संक्रम-सेतु-बन्धन-नौभिः:
TypeNoun
Rootहस्ति + स्तम्भ + संक्रम + सेतु + बन्धन + नौ
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (नौ), बहुवचन, तृतीया (करण)
साध्यम्is achievable / can be accomplished
साध्यम्:
TypeParticiple (Verbal adjective)
Root√साध्
Formकृदन्त (तव्यत्/यत्-प्रत्ययार्थकं साध्य), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा (विधेय)
अनित्य-गाम्भीर्यम्having impermanent/variable depth
अनित्य-गाम्भीर्यम्:
TypeAdjective (as noun)
Rootअनित्य + गाम्भीर्य
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया
अवस्राव्य-उदकम्water that is to be drained off
अवस्राव्य-उदकम्:
TypeAdjective + Noun
Rootअवस्राव्य (√स्रु/√स्रव् caus./gerundive) + उदक
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया; अवस्राव्य = कृदन्त (यत्/तव्यत्-अर्थे) ‘अपसारयितव्य/निस्सार्य’
चand
च:
TypeConjunction
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय
Entities Mentioned
H
hasti (elephant)S
setu (bridge)N
nau (boat)U
udaka (water)FAQs
Natural defenses are not absolute; engineering, logistics, and timing (variable depth) convert terrain into a manageable problem.