Sutra 7

Devanagari script

अपकारो विग्रहः ॥ कZ_०७.१.०७ ॥

Transliteration

apakāro vigrahaḥ

Translation

“วิครหะ” (ความเป็นศัตรู/สงคราม) คือการกระทำที่ก่อโทษ/ทำร้าย (อปการะ)

Word by Word

• अपकारः: harm; hostile act; injury
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप√कृ (कृ) / उपसर्ग: अप
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; भाववाचक/क्रियाफलवाचक संज्ञा

• विग्रहः: hostility; conflict; war
• Type: Noun
• Root: वि√ग्रह् (ग्रह्) / उपसर्ग: वि
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; संज्ञा

Entities Mentioned

• vigraha

More Details

FAQs

Why define vigraha as 'apakāra' rather than only 'battle'?

It frames conflict as a spectrum of harmful acts—raids, subversion, economic injury, coercion—allowing the state to respond administratively and strategically before open battle.