Sutra 4
Devanagari script
पुरस्तान्नायकः मध्ये कलत्रं स्वामी च पार्श्वयोरश्वा बाहूत्सारः चक्रान्तेषु हस्तिनः प्रसारवृद्धिर्वा पश्चात्सेनापतिर्यायात् निविशेत ॥ कZ_१०.२.०४ ॥
Transliteration
purastān nāyakaḥ madhye kalatraṃ svāmī ca pārśvayor aśvā bāhūtsāraḥ cakrānteṣu hastinaḥ prasāra-vṛddhir vā paścāt senāpatir yāyāt niviśeta
Translation
ด้านหน้าควรเป็นผู้นำทาง/หัวหน้า; ตรงกลางเป็นสตรี/ครอบครัวและเจ้านาย (กษัตริย์/ผู้บัญชาการ); ปีกทั้งสองเป็นทหารม้าและนักรบคัดเลือก; ที่ปลายวงล้อเกวียนเป็นช้าง; และด้านหลัง (หรือเพื่อขยายแนวขบวนตามจำเป็น) แม่ทัพใหญ่ควรเคลื่อนพลและตั้งค่าย.
Word by Word
पुरस्तात्in front; at the front
पुरस्तात्:
TypeAdverb
Rootपुरस्
Formअव्यय; दिशावाचक/स्थानवाचक (पूर्वदिशि/अग्रे)
नायकःthe leader/commander
नायकः:
TypeNoun
Rootनी
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; कर्तृपद
मध्येin the middle
मध्ये:
TypeNoun (locative used adverbially)
Rootमध्य
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन; स्थानाधिकरण
कलत्रम्the consort; the royal household
कलत्रम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकलत्र
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; अत्र ‘मध्ये’ इत्यनेन सह स्थितिवाच्यं (placed in the centre)
स्वामीthe lord; the king
स्वामी:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वामिन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; (कलत्रम् इत्यस्य सह-निवेशः)
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक
पार्श्वयोःon the two sides; on both flanks
पार्श्वयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्श्व
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी/षष्ठी द्विवचन; ‘on the two flanks/sides’
अश्वाःhorses; cavalry
अश्वाः:
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; (पार्श्वयोः इत्यनेन स्थाननिर्देशः)
बाहूत्सारःthe ‘arm-projection’ (a formation with projecting wings)
बाहूत्सारः:
TypeNoun
Rootबाहु-उत्सार
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; समासः—बाहु + उत्सार (उत्सार = protrusion/extension)
चक्रान्तेषुat the wheel-ends; at the outer edges (of the chariot array)
चक्रान्तेषु:
TypeNoun
Rootचक्रान्त
Formपुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी बहुवचन; समासः—चक्र + अन्त (wheel-end/edge); स्थानाधिकरण
हस्तिनःelephants
हस्तिनः:
TypeNoun
Rootहस्तिन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; (चक्रान्तेषु इत्यनेन स्थाननिर्देशः)
प्रसारवृद्धिःincrease of extension; widening
प्रसारवृद्धिः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रसार-वृद्धि
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; समासः—प्रसारस्य वृद्धिः (increase of extension/spread)
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formअव्यय; विकल्पार्थक
पश्चात्behind; at the rear
पश्चात्:
TypeAdverb
Rootपश्चा
Formअव्यय; स्थानवाचक (पृष्ठतः)
सेनापतिःthe general; commander of the army
सेनापतिः:
TypeNoun
Rootसेनापति
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; समासः—सेनायाः पतिः
यायात्should go; should march
यायात्:
TypeVerb
Rootया
Formविधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन; ‘should go/march’
निविशेतshould take position; should be stationed/encamp
निविशेत:
TypeVerb
Rootविश् (नि+विश्)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative); आत्मनेपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन; ‘should take position/encamp’
Entities Mentioned
N
nāyakaS
svāmīK
kalatra (noncombatants)C
cavalryE
elephantsS
senāpatiFAQs
Central placement reduces exposure to ambush and raids, using combat arms on flanks and rear to create layered protection.