Sutra 20
Devanagari script
यं वा भूतमर्थं नाशयति अभूतमर्थं करोति तदष्टगुणं दण्डं दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०४.९.२० ॥
Transliteration
yaṃ vā bhūtamarthaṃ nāśayati abhūtamarthaṃ karoti tadaṣṭaguṇaṃ daṇḍaṃ dadyāt
Translation
ผู้ใดทำลายข้อเท็จจริงที่มีอยู่ตามจริง หรือกุเรื่อง ‘ข้อเท็จจริง’ ที่ไม่มีอยู่ ผู้นั้นพึงถูกลงโทษเป็นแปดเท่า
Word by Word
यम्whom/which (that)
यम्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक; एकवचन; द्वितीया; पुल्लिङ्ग (अर्थम् इति नपुंसकं सन्निहितम्, परन्तु यद्-शब्दः सामान्यतया पुल्लिङ्गरूपेण प्रयुक्तः)
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formअव्यय; विकल्पार्थक
भूतम्existing, real, actual
भूतम्:
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootभू (भूत)
Formभूत (कृदन्त, भूतकालिक-निष्पन्न); एकवचन; द्वितीया; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; अर्थम् इति विशेषणम्
अर्थम्a matter/thing (a fact, item, affair)
अर्थम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
Formअकारान्त; एकवचन; द्वितीया; नपुंसकलिङ्ग
नाशयतिdestroys, causes to be ruined
नाशयति:
TypeVerb
Rootनश् (णश्)
Formलट्; परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; causative sense in usage ‘to cause to perish/destroy’
अभूतम्non-existent, unreal, false
अभूतम्:
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootभू (अ-भूत)
Formअभूत (निषेधपूर्वक कृदन्त); एकवचन; द्वितीया; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; अर्थम् इति विशेषणम्
अर्थम्a matter/thing (a claim/charge, affair)
अर्थम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
Formअकारान्त; एकवचन; द्वितीया; नपुंसकलिङ्ग
करोतिmakes, causes, brings about
करोति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formलट्; परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formसर्वनाम; एकवचन; द्वितीया; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; दण्डम् इति विशेषणम् (‘that’)
अष्टगुणम्eightfold; eight times (in amount)
अष्टगुणम्:
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootअष्टन् + गुण
Formसमासान्त-विशेषण; एकवचन; द्वितीया; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; दण्डम् इति विशेषणम्
दण्डम्punishment; fine/penalty
दण्डम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formअकारान्त; एकवचन; द्वितीया; पुल्लिङ्ग
दद्यात्should give/should impose
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formविधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन
Entities Mentioned
A
any actor (including officials)F
facts/matters (artha)FAQs
State decisions rely on accurate ‘artha’ (facts, accounts, outcomes); punishing suppression/fabrication protects administrative cognition and prevents governance by falsified records.