Sutra 22

Devanagari script

परं पापकर्मणां नव वेत्रलताः द्वादश कशाः द्वाव् ऊरुवेष्टौ विंशतिर्नक्तमाललताः द्वात्रिंशत्तलाः द्वौ वृश्चिकबन्धौ उल्लंबने च द्वे सूची हस्तस्य यवागूपीतस्य एकपर्वदहनमङ्गुल्याः स्नेहपीतस्य प्रतापनमेकमहः शिशिररात्रौ बल्बजाग्रशय्या च ॥ कZ_०४.८.२२ ॥

Transliteration

paraṃ pāpakarmaṇāṃ nava vetralatāḥ dvādaśa kaśāḥ dvāv ūruveṣṭau viṃśatir naktamālalatāḥ dvātriṃśat talāḥ dvau vṛścikabandhau ullaṃbane ca dve sūcī hastasya yavāgūpītasya ekaparvadahanam aṅgulyāḥ snehapītasya pratāpanam ekamahaḥ śiśirarātrau balbajāgraśayyā ca

Translation

สำหรับความผิดที่ร้ายแรงกว่า: ตีด้วยหวาย/เถาวัลย์ 9 ครั้ง; เฆี่ยน 12 ครั้ง; มัดต้นขา 2 จุด; ตีด้วยไม้/เถานักตมาล 20 ครั้ง; ตบด้วยฝ่ามือ 32 ครั้ง; มัดแบบ ‘แมงป่อง’ 2 ครั้ง; ลงโทษด้วยการแขวนพร้อมเข็ม 2 เล่ม; เผาข้อหนึ่งของนิ้วสำหรับผู้ที่ถูกป้อนยวาคู (ข้าวต้มเหลว); ทรมานด้วยความร้อน 1 วันสำหรับผู้ที่ดื่มน้ำมัน; และให้นอนบนหญ้าบัลพชะในคืนที่หนาวเย็น।

Word by Word

• परम्: further; moreover; additionally (as an intensifier)
• Type: Adjective/Adverb
• Root: पर
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचनम्; क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण ‘परम्’ = ‘अत्यन्तम्/अधिकम्’

• पापकर्मणाम्: of evil-doers / of those who commit sinful acts
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (with उपपद पाप-)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे षष्ठी बहुवचनम्; ‘पापं कर्म’ इति कर्मधारयः

• नव: nine
• Type: Numeral
• Root: नव
• Form: संख्यावाचक विशेषणम्; (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-बहुवचन-विशेषणम्) ‘लताः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• वेत्रलताः: cane lashes/rods (whips made of cane)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लता (with वेत्र-)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा बहुवचनम्; ‘वेत्रस्य लता’/‘वेत्र-लता’ (cane creepers/rods)

• द्वादश: twelve
• Type: Numeral
• Root: द्वादश
• Form: संख्यावाचक विशेषणम्; (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-बहुवचन-विशेषणम्) ‘कशाः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• कशाः: whips; lashes
• Type: Noun
• Root: कशा
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा बहुवचनम्

• द्वौ: two
• Type: Numeral
• Root: द्वि
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा द्विवचनम्; ‘ऊरुवेष्टौ’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• ऊरुवेष्टौ: two thigh-bindings/straps (for binding the thighs)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेष्ट (√वेष्ट्) / वेष्टन (with ऊरु-)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा द्विवचनम्; ‘ऊरू वेष्टयतः’ इति—जङ्घा/ऊरु-परिवेष्टन-उपकरणे (thigh-bindings)

• विंशतिः: twenty
• Type: Numeral
• Root: विंशति
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; ‘लताः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• नक्तमाललताः: naktamāla creepers (used as lashes/cords)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लता (with नक्तमाल-)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा बहुवचनम्; ‘नक्तमालस्य लताः’

• द्वात्रिंशत्: thirty-two
• Type: Numeral
• Root: द्वात्रिंशत्
• Form: संख्यावाचक विशेषणम्; (पुंलिङ्ग-बहुवचन-विशेषणम्) ‘तलाः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• तलाः: flat-beating strokes/implements (‘tala’ blows)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तल
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा बहुवचनम्; दण्ड/प्रहार-उपकरण-विशेषः (flat strokes/palm-like blows; here as implements)

• द्वौ: two
• Type: Numeral
• Root: द्वि
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा द्विवचनम्; ‘वृश्चिकबन्धौ’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• वृश्चिकबन्धौ: two ‘scorpion-bindings’ (a specific binding technique)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बन्ध (with वृश्चिक-)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा द्विवचनम्; ‘वृश्चिकस्य बन्धः’—विशेषबन्धन-प्रकारः

• उल्लंबने: in suspension/hanging (as a method)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उल्लंबन
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे सप्तमी एकवचनम्; ‘उल्लंबने’ = hanging/suspension (as a procedure)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्ययम्

• द्वे: two
• Type: Numeral
• Root: द्वि
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा द्विवचनम्; ‘सूची’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• सूची: needle(s)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूची
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम् (जातिवाचक/समूहवाचक प्रयोगः); ‘needle(s)’

• हस्तस्य: of the hand
• Type: Noun
• Root: हस्त
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी एकवचनम्

• यवागूपीतस्य: of one who has drunk yava-gruel
• Type: Adjective (PPP used nominally)
• Root: पीत (ppp of √पा) with यवागू-
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी एकवचनम्; ‘यवागूं पीतवान्’—‘one who has drunk gruel’

• एकपर्वदहनम्: burning (cauterization) of one joint/segment
• Type: Noun
• Root: दहन (from √दह्) with एक-पर्व-
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; ‘एकस्य पर्वणः दहनम्’ (burning at one joint/segment)

• अङ्गुल्याः: of the finger
• Type: Noun
• Root: अङ्गुली
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे षष्ठी एकवचनम्; ‘of the finger’

• स्नेहपीतस्य: of one who has drunk oil/ghee
• Type: Adjective (PPP used nominally)
• Root: पीत (ppp of √पा) with स्नेह-
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी एकवचनम्; ‘स्नेहं पीतवान्’—‘one who has drunk oil/ghee’

• प्रतापनम्: heating; torment by heat
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रतापन (from √तप् with प्रति-)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; heating/tormenting

• एकम्: one
• Type: Numeral/Adjective
• Root: एक
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचनम्; ‘अहः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• अहः: day (for one day)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचनम्; कालवाचक

• शिशिररात्रौ: on a cold night
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि (with शिशिर-)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे सप्तमी एकवचनम्; ‘शिशिरा रात्रिः’

• बल्बजाग्रशय्या: a bed made of the sharp tips of balbaja grass
• Type: Noun
• Root: शय्या (with बल्बज-अग्र-)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; ‘बल्बजस्य अग्रे शय्या’—bed of sharp tips of balbaja-grass

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्ययम्

Entities Mentioned

• offenders (pāpakarmaṇaḥ)
• judicial officers (implicit)

More Details

FAQs

What administrative logic underlies this catalog?

A menu of calibrated punishments enabling officials to match severity to crime category while keeping the state’s coercive toolkit explicit and repeatable.

Does the verse indicate torture or punishment?

It lists coercive bodily measures; in administrative practice these function as punitive and/or coercive instruments under state control.