Sutra 14

Devanagari script

मन्दापराधं बालं वृद्धं व्याधितं मत्तमुन्मत्तं क्षुत्पिपासाध्वक्लान्तमत्याशितमामकाशितं दुर्बलं वा न कर्म कारयेत् ॥ कZ_०४.८.१४ ॥

Transliteration

mandāparādhaṃ bālaṃ vṛddhaṃ vyādhitaṃ mattam unmattaṃ kṣutpipāsādhvaklāntam atyāśitam āmakāśitam durbalaṃ vā na karma kārayet

Translation

ไม่ควรบังคับใช้แรงงาน (ในฐานะการลงโทษหรือมาตรการสอบสวน) กับผู้กระทำผิดเล็กน้อย เด็ก คนชรา คนป่วย คนมึนเมา คนวิกลจริต ผู้ที่อ่อนล้าจากความหิว กระหาย หรือการเดินทาง ผู้ที่กินมากเกินไป ผู้ที่ยังย่อยไม่หมด/อยู่ในภาวะอาหารไม่ย่อย หรือผู้ที่อ่อนแอ

Word by Word

• मन्द-अपराधम्: one whose offence is minor
• Type: Noun (with adjective)
• Root: अपराध
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; विशेषणम्: मन्द-

• बालम्: a child / minor
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाल
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (प्रायः), एकवचन, द्वितीया

• वृद्धम्: an old person
• Type: Noun/Adjective used substantively
• Root: वृद्ध
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया

• व्याधितम्: a sick person
• Type: Adjective used substantively
• Root: व्याधित
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; (व्याधि-ग्रस्तः)

• मत्तम्: an intoxicated person
• Type: Adjective used substantively
• Root: मत्त
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया

• उन्मत्तम्: a mad/insane person
• Type: Adjective used substantively
• Root: उन्मत्त
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया

• क्षुत्-पिपासा-अध्व-क्लान्तम्: one exhausted by hunger, thirst, and travel
• Type: Adjective used substantively (compound)
• Root: क्लान्त
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; क्षुत्(भूख) + पिपासा(तृष्णा) + अध्व(मार्ग/यात्रा) इत्येतैः क्लान्तः

• अति-अशितम्: one who has overeaten
• Type: Adjective used substantively
• Root: अशित
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; अति + अशित (अधिकं भुक्तवान्)

• आम-आकाशितम्: one suffering indigestion (raw/undigested belching)
• Type: Adjective used substantively
• Root: आकाशित
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; विशेषणम्: आम- (अपरिपक्व/कच्च)

• दुर्बलम्: a weak person
• Type: Adjective used substantively
• Root: दुर्बल
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (or)

• न: not
• Type: Negation
• Root: न
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• कर्म: work / task
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; (कार्य/श्रम)

• कारयेत्: should cause (someone) to do / should make (them) work
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (णिच्)
• Form: लोट्/विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; णिच्-प्रयोगः (causative): ‘to cause to do’

Entities Mentioned

• children
• elderly
• sick persons
• intoxicated persons
• mentally ill persons
• minor offenders

More Details

FAQs

What is the governing logic behind the exemptions listed?

Administrative measures must be proportional and reliable; coercing the unfit increases harm and produces unreliable outcomes (including false admissions).