Sutra 8

Devanagari script

समाहर्तृप्रदिष्टाश्च गृहपतिकव्यञ्जना येषु ग्रामेषु प्रणिहितास्तेषां ग्रामाणां क्षेत्रगृहकुलाग्रं विद्युः मानसंजाताभ्यां क्षेत्राणि भोगपरिहाराभ्यां गृहाणि वर्णकर्मभ्यां कुलानि च ॥ कZ_०२.३५.०८ ॥

Transliteration

samāhartṛpradiṣṭāś ca gṛhapatika-vyañjanā yeṣu grāmeṣu praṇihitās teṣāṃ grāmāṇāṃ kṣetra-gṛha-kulāgraṃ vidyuḥ; māna-saṃjātābhyāṃ kṣetrāṇi, bhoga-parihārābhyāṃ gṛhāṇi, varṇa-karmabhyāṃ kulāni ca

Translation

สายลับที่ถูกวางไว้ในหมู่บ้าน—ปลอมเป็นเจ้าบ้านและพ่อค้า ตามคำสั่งของสมาหรรตฤ (samāhartṛ)—พึงรู้ยอดรวมของที่นา บ้าน และตระกูล/ครัวเรือนของหมู่บ้านเหล่านั้น: ที่นาโดยการวัดและผลผลิต; บ้านโดยการอยู่อาศัย/การใช้สอยและการยกเว้น/ผ่อนผัน; และตระกูลโดยวรรณะและอาชีพ/หน้าที่

Word by Word

• समाहर्तृ-प्रदिष्टाः: (those) instructed/appointed by the Samāhartṛ
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: प्र-√दिश्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त) ‘प्रदिष्ट’ = instructed/assigned; समाहर्तृ- (gen. relation)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• गृहपति-क-व्यञ्जनाः: bearing the credentials/marks of the village householders (headmen)
• Type: Noun (adjectival)
• Root: √व्यञ्ज् (व्यञ्जना)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; ‘व्यञ्जन’ = mark/indicator; ‘गृहपति-क’ = connected with/pertaining to householders (village heads)

• ये: who/which (persons)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक (relative pronoun)

• षु: in (locative plural ending)
• Type: Case-ending segment
• Root: (enclitic of locative plural)
• Form: ‘ग्रामेषु’ इत्यस्य विभक्त्यन्त-अवयवः (सप्तमी-बहुवचन)

• ग्रामेषु: in the villages
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-बहुवचन

• प्रणिहिताः: posted/assigned
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: प्र-√धा (निहित) / √हिता (as ‘placed’)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त) ‘प्रणिहित’ = posted/placed/assigned

• तेषाम्: of them
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-बहुवचन

• ग्रामाणाम्: of the villages
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-बहुवचन

• क्षेत्र-गृह-कुल-अग्रम्: the complete particulars/aggregate of fields, houses, and families
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्र
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; ‘अग्रम्’ = foremost/total/summary; members: क्षेत्र, गृह, कुल

• विद्युः: they should know/ascertain
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् (to know)
• Form: लोट्/विधिलिङ्?; परस्मैपद; 3rd person plural; injunctional sense ‘they should know/ascertain’ (contextual optative/imperative)

• मान-संजाताभ्याम्: by (data) derived from measurement/assessment
• Type: Noun/Adjective (compound)
• Root: संजात
• Form: नपुंसक/पुं?; तृतीया-द्विवचन; ‘मान’ (measurement/assessment) + ‘संजात’ (arisen/derived) = ‘arising from measurement/assessment’

• क्षेत्राणि: fields
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षेत्र
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन

• भोग-परिहाराभ्याम्: by (records of) occupancy/enjoyment and exemptions/remissions
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: परिहार
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-द्विवचन; भोग + परिहार

• गृहाणि: houses
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृह
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन

• वर्ण-कर्मभ्याम्: by (their) social category and occupation
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया-द्विवचन; वर्ण + कर्म

• कुलानि: families/households
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुल
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

Entities Mentioned

• samāhartṛ (Collector-General)
• planted agents (praṇihita)
• villages
• householders and traders (cover identities)

More Details

FAQs

Why measure fields by both māna (area) and saṃjāta (yield)?

Area alone can be manipulated; yield cross-validates productivity and helps detect underreporting, crop concealment, or fraudulent classification.

Why track houses by bhoga and parihāra?

Occupancy/use reveals real economic status, while exemptions/remissions are common leakage points; pairing them enables audit of privilege claims.