Sutra 31

Devanagari script

शुल्बरूपं सुवर्णपत्त्रसंहतं प्रमृष्टं सुपार्श्वम् तदेव यमकपत्त्रसंहतं प्रमृष्टं ताम्रताररुपं चोत्तरवर्णकः ॥ कZ_०२.१४.३१ ॥

Transliteration

śulbarūpaṃ suvarṇapattrasaṃhataṃ pramṛṣṭaṃ supārśvam tadeva yamakapattrasaṃhataṃ pramṛṣṭaṃ tāmratārarupaṃ cottaravarṇakaḥ

Translation

ชิ้นงานรูปทองแดงที่ลามิเนตด้วยแผ่นทองคำ ขัดเงา และทำด้านข้างให้เรียบร้อย; เช่นเดียวกับชิ้นที่ลามิเนตด้วยแผ่นคู่และขัดเงา; และชิ้นรูปเส้นลวดทองแดง—สิ่งเหล่านี้เรียกว่า ‘อุตตรวรรณกะ’ (สี/เกรดที่ทำให้ดูสูงกว่า)

Word by Word

• शुल्बरूपम्: (having) the form/standard of base metal (copper/bronze)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: शुल्ब
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; रूप-शब्देन सह कर्मधारयः (शुल्बस्य रूपम्)

• सुवर्णपत्त्रसंहतम्: laminated/covered with gold leaf
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुवर्ण
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: सुवर्णस्य पत्त्राणि (gold leaves) + संहत (joined/laminated)

• प्रमृष्टम्: rubbed/polished (burnished)
• Type: Participle
• Root: मृश् (मृज्)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; प्र-उपसर्गः

• सुपार्श्वम्: having good/even sides
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पार्श्व
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; सु-उपसर्गः

• तत्: that (same object)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Particle
• Root: एव
• Form: अव्यय

• यमकपत्त्रसंहतम्: laminated with double leaf (two-layer plating)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यमक
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: यमकस्य पत्त्राणि + संहत

• प्रमृष्टम्: rubbed/polished
• Type: Participle
• Root: मृश् (मृज्)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्

• ताम्रताररूपम्: having the appearance/colour of copper wire
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: ताम्र
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः: ताम्र-तार (copper wire/filament) + रूप

• च: and
• Type: Conjunction
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय

• उत्तरवर्णकः: (it is) of the higher/superior colour-grade
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्णक
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; उत्तर-वर्णक (विशेषण-विशेष्यभावः)

Entities Mentioned

• copper form
• gold leaf laminate
• double leaf
• polishing
• copper wire

More Details

FAQs

What does ‘uttaravarṇaka’ convey administratively?

That fraudsters engineer superior-looking color/finish to pass visual grading—so governance must not rely on hue/polish as proof of value.

What inspection weakness is targeted?

Overreliance on surface finish and edge quality; the passage warns that excellent workmanship can still conceal base-metal interiors.