Sutra 56

Devanagari script

लघु स्निग्धमश्यानं सर्पिःस्नेहलेपि गन्धसुखं त्वगनुसार्यनुल्बणमविराग्युष्णसहं दाहग्राहि सुखस्पर्शनमिति चन्दनगुणाः ॥ कZ_०२.११.५६ ॥

Transliteration

laghu snigdhamaśyānaṃ sarpiḥsnehalepi gandhasukhaṃ tvaganusāryanulbaṇamavirāgyuṣṇasahaṃ dāhagrāhi sukhasparśanam iti candanaguṇāḥ

Translation

คุณลักษณะของไม้จันทน์: เบา; ลื่น/มีความมัน; ไม่แข็งตัวจนเกินไป; รับการเคลือบด้วยเนยใส/น้ำมัน; กลิ่นหอมรื่นรมย์; กลิ่นติดผิวแต่ไม่ฉุนเกินไป; สีไม่ซีดจาง; ทนความร้อน; เมื่อถูจะให้แก่น/น้ำมันหอมออกมาได้ง่าย; และสัมผัสสบาย.

Word by Word

• लघु: light (in weight/quality)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: लघु
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गे विशेषणम्; गुण-विशेषणरूपेण)

• स्निग्धम्: unctuous, oily, smooth
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्निग्ध
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गे विशेषणम्)

• अश्यानम्: not congealed; not hardened
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अश्यान
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गे विशेषणम्)

• सर्पिः: ghee, clarified butter
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्पिस्
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गम्)

• स्नेह: oil; unctuous substance
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्नेह
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (पुंलिङ्गः)

• लेपि: fit for smearing; having the property of being applied as a paste/ointment
• Type: Adjective
• Root: लेपिन्
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गे विशेषणम्; लेपिन्-शब्दः)

• गन्ध: smell, fragrance
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्ध
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (पुंलिङ्गः; समासपूर्वपदम्)

• सुखम्: pleasant (in smell)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुख
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गे विशेषणम्)

• त्वक्: skin
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वच्
• Form: सप्तमी-एकवचनम् (स्त्रीलिङ्गम्; समासपूर्वपदम्)

• अनुसारि: skin-adhering; following/remaining on the skin
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनुसारिन्
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गे विशेषणम्; अनुसारिन्-शब्दः)

• अनुल्बणम्: not excessive; not overpowering
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनुल्बण
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गे विशेषणम्)

• अविरागि: not causing discoloration; non-staining
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अविरागिन्
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गे विशेषणम्; विरागिन्-शब्दे नञ्-प्रत्ययः)

• उष्ण: heat; hot
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उष्ण
• Form: समासपूर्वपदम् (विशेषणम्)

• सहम्: withstanding heat; heat-resistant
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सह
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गे विशेषणम्)

• दाह: burning; irritation
• Type: Noun
• Root: दाह
• Form: समासपूर्वपदम् (पुंलिङ्गः)

• ग्राहि: alleviating burning; counteracting irritation
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ग्राहिन्
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गे विशेषणम्; ग्राहिन्-शब्दः)

• सुख: pleasant
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुख
• Form: समासपूर्वपदम् (विशेषणम्)

• स्पर्शनम्: pleasant to the touch; agreeable contact
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्पर्शन
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; गुण-नाम)

• इति: thus; as follows
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति
• Form: निपातः; उद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थकः

• चन्दन: sandalwood
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्दन
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषे पूर्वपदम् (चन्दन-गुणाः)

• गुणाः: qualities, properties
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुण
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (पुंलिङ्गः)

Entities Mentioned

• candana (sandalwood)
• sarpiḥ (ghee)
• sneha (oil/unctuous substance)

More Details

FAQs

Why does Kautilya list sensory qualities (touch, smell, heat tolerance) for sandalwood?

To create actionable procurement and inspection standards so officials can grade lots, detect inferior material/adulteration, and price or tax reliably.

What is the administrative intent behind 'tvaganusārin anulbaṇam'?

A stable, non-overpowering fragrance indicates genuine quality and reduces dispute in valuation; it functions as a practical acceptance criterion.