Sutra 44
Devanagari script
द्विविधां तां व्यवस्यन्ति प्रवृत्तिं शासनं प्रति ॥ कZ_०२.१०.४४च्द् ॥
Transliteration
dvividhāṃ tāṃ vyavasyanti pravṛttiṃ śāsanaṃ prati
Translation
พวกเขากำหนดว่า ความริเริ่มนั้น เมื่อพิจารณาในแง่การปกครอง/คำสั่ง (ศาสนะ) มีสองประเภท۔
Word by Word
द्विविधाम्twofold; of two kinds
द्विविधाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि + विधा (विधा-शब्दः)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचनम्; विशेषणम्
ताम्that (her/it)
ताम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचनम्; सर्वनाम
व्यवस्यन्तिthey determine/decide; they ascertain
व्यवस्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + अव + √सो (सो/स्यति)
Formलट्-लकारः; परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुषः; बहुवचनम्
प्रवृत्तिम्activity; course of action; engagement
प्रवृत्तिम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्र + √वृत् (वर्तते) → प्रवृत्ति
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचनम्
शासनम्rule; governance; command
शासनम्:
TypeNoun
Root√शास् → शासन
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचनम् (कर्म); ‘शासनं प्रति’ इति प्रयोगे शासनम् = लक्ष्य/विषयः
प्रतिtowards; with respect to
प्रति:
TypePreposition/Particle
Rootप्रति
Formअव्ययम्; ‘प्रति’ = towards/with regard to
Entities Mentioned
Ś
śāsana (governance/command)FAQs
That for purposes of issuing and enforcing orders, Kautilya wants a simplified operational taxonomy—useful for training officials and standardizing procedure.