तप एव परो धर्मस्तप एव परं वसु । तप एव परः कामो निर्वाणं तप एव हि
tapa eva paro dharmastapa eva paraṃ vasu | tapa eva paraḥ kāmo nirvāṇaṃ tapa eva hi
తపస్సే పరమ ధర్మము, తపస్సే పరమ ధనము. తపస్సే పరమ కోరిక; నిజముగా నిర్వాణమూ తపస్సువలననే లభిస్తుంది.
Skanda (narrating; aphoristic teaching within the episode)
Tirtha: Kāśī
Type: kshetra
Scene: A didactic tableau: a sage in Kāśī instructs disciples, with symbolic emblems of dharma (scripture), artha (treasure), kāma (flower), and mokṣa (flame/void) all converging into the ascetic’s tapas-fire.
Tapas is portrayed as the central engine of dharma and the direct means toward liberation.
The verse is general in tone, embedded in Kāśī’s Vṛddhāditya narrative that frames tapas as especially potent in the kṣetra.
The prescription is tapas itself—disciplined spiritual practice—rather than a specific charity or bathing rite.