Shloka 6

Mukti-bheda-nirūpaṇa (Classification of Liberation) and Śiva as the Sole Bestower of Mokṣa

Devanagari script

ज्ञानरूपोऽव्ययः साक्षी ज्ञानगम्योऽद्वयस्स्वयम् । कैवल्यमुक्तिदस्सोऽत्र त्रिवर्गस्य प्रदोऽपि हि

Transliteration

jñānarūpo'vyayaḥ sākṣī jñānagamyo'dvayassvayam | kaivalyamuktidasso'tra trivargasya prado'pi hi

Translation

ఆయన జ్ఞానస్వరూపుడు, అవ్యయుడు, అంతఃసాక్షి. సత్యజ్ఞానంతో ఆయనను చేరగలం; ఆయన స్వయంగా అద్వయుడు. ఆయన కైవల్యముక్తిని ప్రసాదిస్తాడు; ఇక్కడ త్రివర్గం (ధర్మ-అర్థ-కామ)నూ ఇస్తాడు॥

Word by Word

• ज्ञानरूपः: whose nature is knowledge
• ज्ञानरूपः: Karta (कर्ता/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्ञान + रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (jñānasya rūpaḥ = whose form is knowledge)

• अव्ययः: imperishable
• अव्ययः: Karta (कर्ता/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अव्यय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषणम्

• साक्षी: witness
• साक्षी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साक्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• ज्ञानगम्यः: knowable (through knowledge)
• ज्ञानगम्यः: Karta (कर्ता/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्ञान + गम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (jñānena gamyaḥ = knowable through knowledge)

• अद्वयः: non-dual
• अद्वयः: Karta (कर्ता/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अद्वय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषणम्

• स्वयम्: by himself; of himself
• स्वयम्: Karta (कर्ता/Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वयम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; आत्मार्थक-निपात (reflexive emphatic)

• कैवल्यमुक्तिदः: giver of liberation (kaivalya)
• कैवल्यमुक्तिदः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कैवल्य + मुक्ति + द (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (kaivalya-muktiṃ dadāti iti)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)

• त्रिवर्गस्य: of the three aims (trivarga)
• त्रिवर्गस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि + वर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (threefold group: dharma-artha-kāma)

• प्रदः: giver
• प्रदः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र + द (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘giver/bestower’

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle: also/even)

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (emphatic/causal: indeed/for)

Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

Jyotirlinga Context

Significance: Supports jñāna-oriented Śiva-upāsanā: realizing Śiva as sākṣin and advaya leads to kaivalya-mukti; also legitimizes seeking trivarga under Śiva’s lordship while aiming for mokṣa.

Shakti Dimension

Role: teaching

Characters & Entities

• Shiva

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

The verse presents Shiva as the imperishable inner Witness and the non-dual reality, attainable through jñāna; it teaches that realization of Shiva culminates in kaivalya (liberation), while also affirming His power to grant worldly well-being under dharma.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Though Shiva is described as non-dual consciousness (nirguṇa in essence), devotees approach Him through saguna worship such as the Jyotirlinga/Linga; the same Lord who is the inner Witness becomes accessible through sacred form, bestowing both bhukti (trivarga) and mukti (kaivalya).

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

A key takeaway is jñāna-oriented meditation: contemplate Shiva as the sākṣī (witness-consciousness) while maintaining devotional Linga worship; supporting Shaiva practices like japa of “Om Namaḥ Śivāya” and bhasma/rudrākṣa observances can be aligned to seek both purity and liberation.