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Rig Veda 10.44.6: Mandala 10, Sukta 44, Mantra 6

Sukta 10.44

Devata: Indra hymn-context; verse shifts to exemplum of pioneers vs. unfit (didactic within the hymn)
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; needs metrical confirmation)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

पृथक्प्रायन्प्रथमा देवहूतयोऽकृण्वत श्रवस्यानि दुष्टरा । न ये शेकुर्यज्ञियां नावमारुहमीर्मैव ते न्यविशन्त केपयः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.44.6
Transliteration

pṛthák prā́yan prathamā́ devá-hūtayo 'kṛṇvata śravasyā́ni duṣṭárā | ná ye śékury yajñíyāṃ nā́vam ā́ruham ī́rmā́iva te ny àviśanta képayāḥ ||

Translation

వారు వేరువేరుగా ముందుకు సాగారు—దేవులు ఆహ్వానించిన మొదటివారు—దాటలేనంత కఠినమైన శ్రవస్య (యశస్సు) కార్యాలను వారు సాధించారు. కానీ యజ్ఞ-నావను ఎక్కలేని వారు, ప్రేరణలో బలహీనులు, కిందకు మునిగిపోయారు; కేపయః (వణికే/భయపడే వారు)గా వారు దిగువ ప్రవాహంలో ప్రవేశించారు.

Word by Word
पृथक्separately, apart
पृथक्:
Adhikaraṇa (रीत्या/प्रकारेण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
प्रायन्they went forth
प्रायन्:
Kriyā (गमनक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√या (इ/या गतौ) + प्र-
प्रथमाfirst
प्रथमा:
Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
देवहूतयःthe god-invocations / calls to the gods
देवहूतयः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootदेव-हूति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘देव’ + ‘हूति’ < √ह्वा/√हू ‘आह्वाने/हवने’)
अकृण्वतthey made, they fashioned
अकृण्वत:
Kriyā (करणक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (करणे)
श्रवस्यानिglories, fame-winning deeds
श्रवस्यानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्रवस्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘श्रवस्’ यशः/कीर्तिः + -य)
दुष्टराःhard to surpass / difficult to overcome
दुष्टराः:
Karma (विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्टर (प्रातिपदिक; दुर्- + √तॄ ‘तरति’ → ‘hard to cross/overcome’)
नnot
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निषेध-अव्यय)
येwho (those who)
ये:
Kartā (शेकुः इत्यस्य)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
शेकुःwere able
शेकुः:
Kriyā (शक्तिक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√शक् (शक्तौ)
यज्ञियम्sacrificial, worthy of worship
यज्ञियम्:
Karma (विशेषणरूपेण)
TypeAdjective
Rootयज्ञिय (प्रातिपदिक; ‘fit for sacrifice/worship’)
नावम्boat, ship
नावम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनौ/नाव् (प्रातिपदिक)
आरुहम्to mount, to board
आरुहम्:
Prayojana (उद्देश्य/अर्थे)
TypeVerb
Root√रुह् (आरोहे) + आ-
ईर्मैवjust the rush/impulse itself
ईर्मैव:
Kartā/Hetu (वाक्ये ‘just the onset/impulse’ इत्यर्थे)
TypeNoun+Particle
Rootईर्म (प्रातिपदिक; ‘impulse/drive, onset’; RV-विशेष) + एव (अव्यय)
तेthey
ते:
Kartā (अविशन्त इत्यस्य)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
निdown, into
नि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अविशन्तthey entered, they sank into
अविशन्त:
Kriyā (प्रवेशक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√विश् (प्रवेशने) + अव-
केपयःthe Kepayas (trembling ones / hostile beings)
केपयः:
Kartā (अविशन्त इत्यस्य; अथवा ‘ते’ कर्ता, ‘केपयः’ अपपद/सम्बोधन-सम्बन्धः—पाठभेदानुसारम्)
TypeNoun
Rootकेपय (प्रातिपदिक; RV-विशेष, ‘tremblers/agitators’, ‘monsters/demons’ इत्यर्थे व्याख्येयम्)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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