Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 93, Shloka 58

Sarga 93: Rāvaṇa’s Grief and Fury after Indrajit’s Fall; Move to Slay Vaidehī and Ministerial Restraint

Devanagari script

साहिजन्म च बाल्यं च यौवनं च महात्मनः ।धर्मकार्याणिरूपं च रुदतीसंस्मरिष्यति ।।।।

Transliteration

sā hi janma ca bālyaṃ ca yauvanaṃ ca mahātmanaḥ | dharma-kāryāṇi rūpaṃ ca rudatī saṃsmariṣyati ||

Translation

ఆమె విలపిస్తూ ఆ మహాత్ముని జన్మను, బాల్యాన్ని, యౌవనాన్ని, ధర్మకార్యాలను, అతని రూపాన్నీ మళ్లీ మళ్లీ స్మరిస్తుంది।

Word by Word

• sā: she
• sā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (emphatic/causal particle: ‘indeed/for’)

• janma: birth
• janma: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: janman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction ‘and’)

• bālyam: childhood
• bālyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bālya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• yauvanam: youth
• yauvanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yauvana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• mahātmanaḥ: of the great-souled one
• mahātmanaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन

• dharmakāryāṇi: righteous deeds
• dharmakāryāṇi: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma + kārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (धर्मस्य कार्याणि); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), बहुवचन

• rūpam: form/appearance
• rūpam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• rudatī: crying
• rudatī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: rud (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तृविशेषण (qualifies ‘sā’)

• saṃsmariṣyati: will remember
• saṃsmariṣyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam + smṛ (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Future), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; अर्थः ‘will remember’

Context

'Kausalya will think her only son has been killed in the battle. I think her heart would break'.

Characters & Entities

• Kauśalyā
• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is memorialized as a life-pattern: Rāma’s identity is defined by dharma-kārya, and remembrance of righteousness becomes a moral testimony.

What is the narrative situation?

Sītā continues imagining Kauśalyā’s mourning if she receives news of Rāma’s death.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s dhārmic character—his ‘righteous deeds’ are highlighted as central to who he is.