Shloka 13

हनूमता सुग्रीवस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Hanuman’s Counsel on Timely Ally-Duty

Devanagari script

सन्त्यज्य सर्वकर्माणि मित्रार्थे योऽनुवर्तते।।सम्भ्रमाद्धि कृतोत्साहस्सोऽनर्थैर्नावरुध्यते।

Transliteration

santyajya sarvakarmāṇi mitrārthe yo 'nuvartate |

sambhramād dhi kṛtotsāhaḥ so 'narthair nāvarudhyate ||

Translation

యెవడు ఇతర కార్యాలన్నిటిని విడిచి మిత్రహితార్థం ఉత్సాహంతో శ్రమిస్తాడో, అతడు అపదలచేత కూడా ఆపబడడు।

Word by Word

• सन्त्यज्य: having given up
• सन्त्यज्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √tyaj (त्यज्) (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), उपसर्ग: सम्; ‘having abandoned’

• सर्वकर्माणि: all actions/deeds
• सर्वकर्माणि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva + karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; समास: सर्वाणि कर्माणि (all deeds)

• मित्रार्थे: in/for the sake of a friend
• मित्रार्थे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mitra + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘for a friend’s sake (in that cause)’

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धक (relative pronoun)

• अनुवर्तते: follows/acts accordingly
• अनुवर्तते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu + √vṛt (वृत्) (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘follows/acts in accordance’

• सम्भ्रमात्: from excitement/haste
• सम्भ्रमात्: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sambhrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; ‘from excitement/haste’

• हि: indeed/for
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, निपात (particle), अवधान/कारणार्थे ‘indeed/for’

• कृतोत्साहः: with aroused enthusiasm
• कृतोत्साहः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta + utsāha (कृदन्त + प्रातिपदिक; ‘कृत’ = √kṛ + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समास: कृतः उत्साहः यस्य (having made effort/with aroused zeal)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तद्-प्रत्यय (correlative pronoun)

• अनर्थैः: by harms/misfortunes
• अनर्थैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anartha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; ‘by misfortunes/harms’

• न: not
• न: Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, निषेध (negation particle)

• अवरुध्यते: is obstructed
• अवरुध्यते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava + √rudh (रुध्) (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive sense): ‘is obstructed’

Context

'Whoever sets aside his personal interest and works for the welfare of his ally with due enthusiasm and excitement will not be harmed.

Characters & Entities

• Sugriva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma toward allies requires prioritization and wholehearted effort; when duty is embraced with urgency, obstacles lose their power to derail one.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugriva is pressed to stop postponing and to mobilize action for Rama’s cause, treating it as the foremost obligation.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Utsāha (energetic initiative) in service of duty—commitment that overcomes adversity.