Shloka 3

वालिवधोत्तरशोकः

Sugriva’s Remorse and Tara’s Lament after Vali’s Death

Devanagari script

स तं समासाद्य गृहीतचापमुदात्तमाशीविषतुल्यबाणम्।यशस्विनं लक्षणलक्षिताङ्गमवस्थितं राघव मित्युवाच।।

Transliteration

sa taṁ samāsādya gṛhītacāpam udāttam āśīviṣatulyabāṇam |

yaśasvinaṁ lakṣaṇalakṣitāṅgam avasthitaṁ rāghavam ity uvāca ||

Translation

అప్పుడు సుగ్రీవుడు ధనుస్సు చేతబట్టి ఉదాత్త తేజస్సుతో నిలిచిన, విషసర్పసమాన బాణములు గల, శుభలక్షణచిహ్నితాంగుడైన యశస్వి రాఘవుని సమీపించి ఈ విధంగా పలికెను।

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक: तद्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक: तद्)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular; refers to Rama

• samāsādya: having approached
• samāsādya: Pūrvakāla (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sam+ā+sad (धातु: सम्+आ+सद्) (कृदन्त)
• Form: Absolutive/gerund (ल्यप्), avyaya; 'having approached'

• gṛhīta-cāpam: holding a bow
• gṛhīta-cāpam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gṛhīta (कृदन्त: ग्रह्) + cāpa (प्रातिपदिक: चाप)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa 'having taken bow'; Masculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifies 'rāghavam'

• udāttam: noble/magnanimous
• udāttam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: udātta (प्रातिपदिक: उदात्त)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifies 'rāghavam'

• āśīviṣa-tulya-bāṇam: with serpent-like arrows
• āśīviṣa-tulya-bāṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: āśīviṣa (प्रातिपदिक: आशीविष) + tulya (प्रातिपदिक: तुल्य) + bāṇa (प्रातिपदिक: बाण)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa chain; 'arrows like serpents'; Masculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifies 'rāghavam'

• yaśasvinam: illustrious
• yaśasvinam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yaśasvin (प्रातिपदिक: यशस्विन्)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifies 'rāghavam'

• lakṣaṇa-lakṣita-aṅgam: whose body bears auspicious marks
• lakṣaṇa-lakṣita-aṅgam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: lakṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + lakṣita (कृदन्त: लक्ष्) + aṅga (प्रातिपदिक: अङ्ग)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa chain 'limbs marked by auspicious signs'; Masculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifies 'rāghavam'

• avasthitam: standing
• avasthitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ava+sthā (धातु: अव+स्था) (कृदन्त)
• Form: Past participle (क्त) 'standing'; Masculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifies 'rāghavam'

• rāghavam: Raghava (Rama)
• rāghavam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक: राघव)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु: वच्)
• Form: Liṭ-lakāra (perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Singular, Parasmaipada

Context

Duly approaching the illustrious Rama, endowed with auspicious signs, who stood with his bow and serpent-like arrows, Sugriva thus submitted:

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Rāma (Rāghava)
• bow (cāpa)
• arrows (bāṇa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Respectful approach to rightful power: dharma in diplomacy begins with proper conduct—approaching, recognizing authority, and speaking within the bounds of decorum.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugrīva comes near Rāma, who stands armed and radiant, and begins his submission/speech.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Humility and prudence—Sugrīva approaches carefully and addresses Rāma with due recognition.