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Valmiki Ramayana 1.7.8: Bala Kanda, Sarga 7, Shloka 8

अमात्य-गुणवर्णनम्

The Virtues of Daśaratha’s Ministers and the Order of Governance

कुशला व्यवहारेषु सौहृदेषु परीक्षिता: ।प्राप्तकालं तु ते दण्डं धारयेयुस्सुतेष्वपि ।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 1.7.8

kuśalā vyavahāreṣu sauhṛdeṣu parīkṣitāḥ | prāpta-kālaṃ tu te daṇḍaṃ dhārayeyuḥ suteṣv api ||

వారు వ్యవహారాలలో నిపుణులు, స్నేహంలో పరీక్షితులు; మరియు సమయం వచ్చినప్పుడు వారు దండనను విధించేవారు—తమ కుమారుల విషయములో కూడా।

वीराःvaliant
वीराः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootवीर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग
and
:
समुच्चय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय
नियत-उत्साहाःsteadfast in zeal
नियत-उत्साहाः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootनियत + उत्साह (प्रातिपदिक; नियतोत्साह)
Formकर्मधारय-समास: नियतः उत्साहः येषाम्; प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग
राज-शास्त्रम्royal policy / statecraft
राज-शास्त्रम्:
कर्म (Object of अनु-√स्था)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् + शास्त्र (प्रातिपदिक; राजशास्त्र)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास: राज्ञः शास्त्रम् (statecraft); द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग
अनुष्ठिताःpractising / having followed
अनुष्ठिताः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootअनु + स्था (धातु) → अनुष्ठित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग
शुचीनाम्of the virtuous
शुचीनाम्:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootशुचि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग
रक्षितारःprotectors
रक्षितारः:
कर्ता
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग
and
:
समुच्चय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्रियाविशेषण (adverbial accusative)
विषय-वासिनाम्of the inhabitants of the realm
विषय-वासिनाम्:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootविषय + वासिन् (प्रातिपदिक; विषयवासिन्)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास: विषये वासिनाम्; षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

They knew how to deal (with people). They were true to their friends. They used to impose appropriate punishment even on their own sons.

FAQs

Impartial justice (danda-nīti) is part of dharma: discipline must be applied appropriately, without favoritism—even toward one’s own family.

A description of ideal ministers: competent in administration, trustworthy in friendship, and fair in enforcing law.

Fair-mindedness and duty over personal attachment.

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