Shloka 1

Devanagari script

अथ शैलाद्विनिष्क्रम्य मैथिलीं कोसलेश्वरः।अदर्शयच्छुभजलां रम्यां मन्दाकिनीं नदीम्।।।।

Transliteration

atha śailād viniṣkramya maithilīṃ kosaleśvaraḥ |

adarśayac chubhajalāṃ ramyāṃ mandākinīṃ nadīm ||

Translation

అనంతరం పర్వతం నుండి దిగివచ్చిన కోసలేశ్వరుడు శ్రీరాముడు, శుభ్రమైన పవిత్ర జలాలతో నిండిన రమ్యమైన మందాకినీ నదిని మైథిలీ సీతకు చూపించాడు।

Word by Word

• अथ: then
• अथ: Sambandha-marker (सम्बन्धसूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: काल/अनन्तर-अव्यय (then/thereupon)

• शैलात्: from the mountain
• शैलात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शैल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन

• विनिष्क्रम्य: having come out/descended
• विनिष्क्रम्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-निस्-क्रम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive); अव्ययभाव

• मैथिलीम्: to Maithili (Sita)
• मैथिलीम्: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मैथिली (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• कोसलेश्वरः: lord of Kosala (Rama)
• कोसलेश्वरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोसल (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (lord of Kosala)

• अदर्शयत्: showed
• अदर्शयत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; णिच् (causative) sense: 'caused to see/showed'

• शुभ-जलाम्: having pure/auspicious water
• शुभ-जलाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभ (प्रातिपदिक) + जल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः; विशेषण (qualifying नदीम्)

• रम्याम्: charming
• रम्याम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying नदीम्)

• मन्दाकिनीम्: Mandakini
• मन्दाकिनीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्दाकिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• नदीम्: river
• नदीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

This mountain is spread over with various kinds of flowering trees and trees laden with fruits, shady and enchanting, mango, rose-apples, asanas, lodhras, priyalas, jackfruit trees, dhavas, ankolas, lovely tinisas, bilva trees, tinduka and bamboo, kashmaya, arishta and varuna, madhukas, tilaka trees, badari and myrobalan trees, nipa trees, cane, danvas, and promegranate trees, the mountain looks splendid.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sītā (Maithilī)
• Mandākinī River
• Kosala
• mountain (Citrakūṭa implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is linked with sacred spaces and purity: the river’s ‘auspicious waters’ reflect a setting conducive to disciplined, truthful living in exile.

What is the narrative situation?

A transition in the story: after being on the mountain, Rāma brings Sītā to see the Mandākinī river.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Guidance and care—Rāma attentively leads Sītā, making the exile livable and spiritually uplifting.