Valmiki Ramayana 2.93.22: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 93, Shloka 22

चित्रकूटमार्गवर्णनम्

Bharata’s Army Reaches Chitrakuta and Searches for Rama

Devanagari script

ते समालोक्य धूमाग्रमूचुर्भरतमागताः। नामनुष्ये भवत्यग्नि र्व्यक्तमत्रैव राघवौ।।2.93.22।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.93.22

Transliteration

te samālokya dhūmāgram ūcur bharatam āgatāḥ | nāmanuṣye bhavaty agnir vyaktam atraiva rāghavau ||2.93.22||

Translation

ధూమస్తంభాన్ని చూచి వారు భరతుని దగ్గరకు తిరిగి వచ్చి ఇలా అన్నారు—“మనుష్యులు లేని చోట అగ్ని పుట్టదు; స్పష్టంగా ఇక్కడే ఆ ఇద్దరు రాఘవులు ఉన్నారు।”

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Word by Word

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• samālokya: having seen
• samālokya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: lok (धातु) + sam-ā (उपसर्ग) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त) from √lok (लोक्) with prefixes sam-ā; 'having looked at/seen'

• dhūmāgram: the column of smoke
• dhūmāgram: Karma (कर्म/object of seeing)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhūma + agra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: 'dhūmasya agraṃ' (tip/column of smoke)

• ūcuḥ: said
• ūcuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ (perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Bahuvacana; parasmaipada

• bharatam: to Bharata
• bharatam: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदानम्/recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• āgatāḥ: having come/returned
• āgatāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु) + ā (उपसर्ग) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past participle (क्त) from √gam (गम्) with ā-; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; agrees with te

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Pratiṣedha-nipāta (प्रतिषेध)

• amanuṣye: in a manless place
• amanuṣye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: amanuṣya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Saptamī, Ekavacana; 'in a place without men'

• bhavati: exists/is possible
• bhavati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (present), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada

• agniḥ: fire
• agniḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: agni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• vyaktam: clearly
• vyaktam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vyakta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya used as sentence-adverb (वाक्यक्रियाविशेषण) meaning 'clearly/evidently'

• atra: here
• atra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: Deśa-avyaya (देशाव्यय)

• eva: only/indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avadhāraṇa-nipāta (अवधारण)

• rāghavau: the two Raghavas
• rāghavau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Dvivacana; refers to Rāma & Lakṣmaṇa

Context

Having seen the column of smoke, they returned and informed Bharata, saying, 'In a place bereft of men, fire cannot exist. Clearly Rama and Lakshmana must be here only.'

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Rama
• Lakshmana
• forest
• smoke (dhūma)
• fire (agni)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya-oriented dharma: they report what they observed and reason carefully from evidence, aiming at truthful guidance rather than speculation.

What is the narrative situation?

Scouts spot smoke, return to Bharata, and infer that Rama and Lakshmana are nearby because fire implies human presence.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Truthful reporting and sound judgment—courage is paired with careful reasoning and honest communication.