Shloka 1

और्ध्वदैहिकक्रिया-शोकविलापः

Obsequies for Daśaratha and the Brothers’ Lament

Devanagari script

ततो दशाहेऽतिगते कृतशौचो नृपात्मजः।द्वादशेऽहनि सम्प्राप्ते श्राद्धकर्माण्यकारयत्।।।।

Transliteration

tato daśāhe 'tigате kṛtaśauco nṛpātmajaḥ |

dvādaśe 'hani samprāpte śrāddhakarmāṇy akārayat ||2.77.1||

Translation

అనంతరం పది రోజులు గడిచిన తరువాత, రాజకుమారుడు శౌచక్రియలను పూర్తిచేసి, పన్నెండవ రోజు వచ్చినప్పుడు శ్రాద్ధకర్మలను చేయించాడు।

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Sambandha/Sequence (अनुक्रम)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अनन्तरवाचक-अव्यय (then/thereafter)

• दशाहे: on the tenth day/after ten days
• दशाहे: Kala-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दश (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + अहन्/अह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (Neuter, Locative, Singular: on the ten-day period/at the tenth day)

• अतिगते: having passed
• अतिगते: Sati-saptami (सति-सप्तमी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अति + गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी (Locative absolute: when (it) had passed)

• कृतशौचः: having completed purification
• कृतशौचः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √कृ) + शौच (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः; विशेषणम् (Masculine, Nominative, Singular: having performed purification)

• नृपात्मजः: the king's son (Bharata)
• नृपात्मजः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप (प्रातिपदिक) + आत्मज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (Masculine, Nominative, Singular: son of the king)

• द्वादशे: on the twelfth
• द्वादशे: Kala-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वादश (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुल्लिङ्ग (अहन्-सम्बन्धे), सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Locative singular: on the twelfth)

• अहनि: day
• अहनि: Kala-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Locative, Singular: on the day)

• सम्प्राप्ते: having arrived
• सम्प्राप्ते: Sati-saptami (सति-सप्तमी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + प्र + आप् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी (Locative absolute: when it had arrived)

• श्राद्धकर्माणि: śrāddha rites
• श्राद्धकर्माणि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (Neuter, Accusative, Plural: śrāddha rites)

• अकारयत्: had (them) performed
• अकारयत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) (णिच् causative)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (अनद्यतनभूत/Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; णिच्-प्रयोग (Causative imperfect, 3rd person singular: caused to be done)

Context

Having observed the ten-day mourning period, Bharata purified himself on the twelfth day and got the shraddha rites (obsequies) performed.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Śrāddha (obsequial rites)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It emphasizes pitṛdharma: even amid political turmoil and personal grief, the son must complete mourning observances and śrāddha, honoring truth and duty toward the departed.

What is the narrative situation?

After Daśaratha’s death, the prescribed mourning period passes; Bharata performs purification and arranges the śrāddha rites.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s dutifulness and ritual propriety—his commitment to dharma despite sorrow.