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Shloka 11

सप्तपञ्चाशः सर्गः

Sumantra’s Return to Ayodhya and the Palace’s Lament

ते तीर्णा इति विज्ञाय बाष्पपूर्णमुखा जनाः।अहो धिगिति निश्श्वस्य हा रामेति च चुक्रुशुः।।।।

te tīrṇā iti vijñāya bāṣpa-pūrṇa-mukhā janāḥ | aho dhig iti niśśvasya hā rāmeti ca cukruśuḥ ||

“వారు అవతలికి దాటిపోయారు” అని తెలిసిన వెంటనే, కన్నీళ్లతో నిండిన ముఖాలైన ప్రజలు నిట్టూర్చి—“అహో, ధిక్కారం!” అని, “హా రామా!” అని విలపించారు.

तेthey
ते:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा 1), Plural (बहुवचन)
तीर्णाः(having) crossed
तीर्णाः:
Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Root√tṝ (धातु)
FormPast participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा 1), Plural (बहुवचन); ‘having crossed’
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, quotative marker
विज्ञायhaving learned
विज्ञाय:
Kriya-samānādhikaraṇa (पूर्वकालिकक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi√jñā (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), ‘having known/understood’
बाष्प-पूर्ण-मुखाःwith tear-filled faces
बाष्प-पूर्ण-मुखाः:
Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootbāṣpa (प्रातिपदिक) + pūrṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा 1), Plural (बहुवचन); बहुव्रीहिः ‘बाष्पेण पूर्णं मुखं येषाम्’ = whose faces are full of tears
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootjana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा 1), Plural (बहुवचन)
अहोalas! oh!
अहो:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/interjection)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootaho (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, exclamation/interjection (विस्मयादि-निपात)
धिक्fie! shame!
धिक्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/interjection)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootdhik (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, imprecatory particle/interjection (निन्दार्थक-निपात)
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, quotative marker
निःश्वस्यsighing
निःश्वस्य:
Kriya-samānādhikaraṇa (पूर्वकालिकक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootniḥ√śvas (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप्), ‘having sighed’
हाalas!
हा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/interjection)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, lamentation interjection (शोक-निपात)
रामO Rama
राम:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधनम्/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, quotative marker
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, conjunction (समुच्चय)
चुक्रुशुःcried out
चुक्रुशुः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kruś (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

Hearing that they had (the trio) crossed the river Ganga, the people, with their faces filled with tears sighed and saying 'Fie upon us! Alas, Rama!' cried out aloud.

R
Rāma
P
people of Ayodhyā
G
Gaṅgā (implied)

FAQs

Collective moral awakening: the people’s remorse implies recognition of a dharmic loss—when the righteous are driven away, society feels its own failure and suffering.

News spreads that Rāma and companions have crossed the river, and the citizens respond with grief and self-reproach.

Bhakti-like devotion and moral sensitivity in the populace: their tears show how deeply they value Rāma’s righteousness.